Difference between revisions of "Measurement (LINEAR) – CONVERSION"

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Now, make use of the fact that <math>\xi\propto\frac{1}{\sqrt{m\mu}}</math>. With <math>m=23 \,\text{Da},\mu=128\,k_\text{B}\cdot\text{nK}</math>, <math>\xi=\frac{15.574}{\sqrt{23\cdot128}} \,\mathrm{\mu} m=0.287\,\mathrm{\mu} m</math>.
 
Now, make use of the fact that <math>\xi\propto\frac{1}{\sqrt{m\mu}}</math>. With <math>m=23 \,\text{Da},\mu=128\,k_\text{B}\cdot\text{nK}</math>, <math>\xi=\frac{15.574}{\sqrt{23\cdot128}} \,\mathrm{\mu} m=0.287\,\mathrm{\mu} m</math>.
  
−
This method is especially useful for programming and/or making a [[worksheet]], where input quantities are taking multiple different values; For example, with the pre-factor calculated above, it's very easy to see that the healing length of <sup>174</sup>Yb with chemical potential 20.3&nbsp;nK is <math>\xi=\frac{15.574}{\sqrt{174\cdot20.3}} \,\mu m=0.262\,\mathrm{\mu} m</math>.
+
This method is especially useful for programming and/or making a worksheet, where input quantities are taking multiple different values; For example, with the pre-factor calculated above, it's very easy to see that the healing length of <sup>174</sup>Yb with chemical potential 20.3&nbsp;nK is <math>\xi=\frac{15.574}{\sqrt{174\cdot20.3}} \,\mu m=0.262\,\mathrm{\mu} m</math>.
  
 
== Tables of conversion factors ==
 
== Tables of conversion factors ==
−
{{More citations needed|section|date=January 2011}}
+
This article gives lists of conversion factors for each of a number of physical quantities, which are listed in the index. For each physical quantity, a number of different units (some only of historical interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. Conversions between units in the metric system are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000&nbsp;grams, 1 milligram = 0.001&nbsp;grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10<sup>−6</sup> metre). Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically, and the SI units (base or derived) are highlighted.
−
This article gives lists of conversion factors for each of a number of physical quantities, which are listed in the index. For each physical quantity, a number of different units (some only of historical interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. Conversions between units in the [[metric system]] are defined by their [[SI prefix|prefixes]] (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000&nbsp;grams, 1 milligram = 0.001&nbsp;grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10<sup>−6</sup> metre). Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically, and the [[SI]] units (base or derived) are highlighted.
 
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
Line 71: Line 70:
 
| (exactly) corresponds to (different types of quantity describing the same phenomenon)
 
| (exactly) corresponds to (different types of quantity describing the same phenomenon)
 
|-
 
|-
−
! <var>{{overline|digits}}</var>
+
! '' <math> \overline{\text{digits}}</math> ''
−
| indicates that <var>digits</var> repeat infinitely (e.g. {{gaps|8.294|{{overline|369}}}} corresponds to {{gaps|8.294|369|369|369|369|...}})
+
| indicates that <var>digits</var> repeat infinitely (e.g. <math>8.294 \overline{369}</math> corresponds to 8.294 369 369 369 369 ...)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! (H)
 
! (H)
Line 80: Line 79:
 
===Length===
 
===Length===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
|+ [[Length]]
+
|+ Length
 
!Name of unit
 
!Name of unit
 
!Symbol
 
!Symbol
Line 86: Line 85:
 
!Relation to SI units
 
!Relation to SI units
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[ångström]] || Å
+
| ångström || Å
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-10|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-10</sup> m
 
| ≡ 0.1&nbsp;nm
 
| ≡ 0.1&nbsp;nm
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[astronomical unit]] || au
+
| astronomical unit || au
−
| ≡ {{val|149597870700|u=m}}<br>≈ Distance from Earth to Sun
+
| ≡ 149 597 870 700 m <br>≈ Distance from Earth to Sun
−
| ≡ {{val|149597870700|u=m}} <ref>{{cite journal|author=jobs |url=http://www.nature.com/news/the-astronomical-unit-gets-fixed-1.11416 |title=The astronomical unit gets fixed : Nature News & Comment |doi=10.1038/nature.2012.11416 |publisher=Nature.com |date=September 14, 2012|s2cid=123424704 |access-date=August 31, 2013}}</ref>
+
| ≡ 149 597 870 700 m  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[attometre]] || am
+
| attometre || am
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-18|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-18</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-18|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-18</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Barleycorn (unit)|barleycorn]] (H) || &nbsp;
+
| barleycorn (H) || &nbsp;
−
| = {{frac|3}} [[inch|in]] (see note above about rounding)
+
| = <math> \tfrac{1}{3}</math> in (see note above about rounding)
−
| = 8.4{{overline|6}}{{e|-3}} m
+
| = <math> 8.4 \overline{6} \times 10^{-3}</math> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| bohr, [[atomic units|atomic unit of length]] || ''a''<sub>0</sub>
+
| bohr, atomic unit of length || ''a''<sub>0</sub>
−
| = [[Bohr radius]] of hydrogen
+
| = Bohr radius of hydrogen
−
| ≈ {{val|5.2917721092|(17)|e=-11|u=m}}<ref>"[http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bohrrada0 NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty."](2010). [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]. Retrieved October 17, 2014.</ref>
+
| ≈ 5.291 772 1092|(17) x 10<sup>-11 </sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| cable length (imperial) || &nbsp;
 
| cable length (imperial) || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ 608 [[foot (unit)|ft]]
+
| ≡ 608 ft
 
| ≈ 185.3184 m
 
| ≈ 185.3184 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[cable length]] (International) || &nbsp;
+
| cable length (International) || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ {{frac|10}} [[nautical mile|nmi]]
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{10}</math> nmi
 
| ≡ 185.2 m
 
| ≡ 185.2 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| cable length (US) || &nbsp;
 
| cable length (US) || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ 720 [[foot (unit)|ft]]
+
| ≡ 720 ft
 
| = 219.456 m
 
| = 219.456 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[chain (unit)|chain]] ([[Edmund Gunter|Gunter's]]; Surveyor's) || ch
+
| chain (Gunter's; Surveyor's) || ch
−
| ≡ 66 [[foot (unit)|ft]] (US) ≡ 4 [[rod (length)|rods]]<ref name="physics.nist.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.nist.gov/national-institute-standards-and-technology|title=NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology|website=NIST}}</ref>
+
| ≡ 66 ft (US) ≡ 4 rods
−
| ≈ {{val|20.11684|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 20.116 84 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[cubit]] (H) || &nbsp;
+
| cubit (H) || &nbsp;
 
| ≡ Distance from fingers to elbow ≈ 18 in
 
| ≡ Distance from fingers to elbow ≈ 18 in
 
| ≈ 0.5 m
 
| ≈ 0.5 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[ell]] (H) || ell
+
| ell (H) || ell
−
| ≡ 45 in <ref name=CRC71>Lide, D. (Ed.). (1990). ''Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'' (71st ed). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Section 1.</ref> (In England usually)
+
| ≡ 45 in (In England usually)
 
| = 1.143 m
 
| = 1.143 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[fathom]] || ftm
+
| fathom || ftm
−
| ≡ 6&nbsp;ft <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 6&nbsp;ft  
 
| = 1.8288 m
 
| = 1.8288 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[femtometre]] || fm
+
| femtometre || fm
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-15|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-15</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-15|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-15</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Fermi (unit)|fermi]] || fm
+
| fermi || fm
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-15|u=m}}<ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-15</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-15|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-15</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| finger || &nbsp;
 
| finger || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ {{frac|7|8}} in
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{7}{8}</math> in
−
| = {{val|0.022225|u=m}}
+
| = 0.022 225 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| finger (cloth) || &nbsp;
 
| finger (cloth) || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ {{frac|4|1|2}} in
+
| ≡ <math> 4 \tfrac{1}{2}</math> in
 
| = 0.1143 m
 
| = 0.1143 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] (Benoît) (H) || ft (Ben)
+
| foot (Benoît) (H) || ft (Ben)
 
|
 
|
−
| ≈ {{val|0.304799735|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.304 799 735 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| foot (Cape) (H) || &nbsp;
 
| foot (Cape) (H) || &nbsp;
 
|Legally defined as 1.033 English feet in 1859
 
|Legally defined as 1.033 English feet in 1859
−
| ≈ {{val|0.314858|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.314 858 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| foot (Clarke's) (H) || ft (Cla)
 
| foot (Clarke's) (H) || ft (Cla)
 
|
 
|
−
| ≈ {{val|0.3047972654|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.304 797 2654 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| foot (Indian) (H) || ft Ind
 
| foot (Indian) (H) || ft Ind
 
|
 
|
−
| ≈ {{val|0.304799514|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.304 799 514 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Metric foot|foot, metric]] || mf
+
| foot, metric || mf
 
| ≡ 300&nbsp;mm
 
| ≡ 300&nbsp;mm
 
| ≡ 0.3 m
 
| ≡ 0.3 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| foot, metric ([[Mesures usuelles]]) (H)
+
| foot, metric (Mesures usuelles) (H)
 
|
 
|
−
| ≡ {{frac|3}} m
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{3}</math> m
−
| ≡ 0.{{overline|3}} m
+
| ≡ <math>0. \overline{3}</math> m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| foot (International) || ft
 
| foot (International) || ft
−
| ≡ 0.3048 m ≡ {{frac|3}} yd ≡ 12&nbsp;inches
+
| ≡ 0.3048 m ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{3}</math> yd ≡ 12&nbsp;inches
 
| ≡ 0.3048 m
 
| ≡ 0.3048 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| foot (Sear's) (H) || ft (Sear)
 
| foot (Sear's) (H) || ft (Sear)
 
|
 
|
−
| ≈ {{val|0.30479947|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.304 799 47 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| foot (US Survey) || ft (US)
 
| foot (US Survey) || ft (US)
−
| ≡ {{frac|{{val|1200}}|{{val|3937}}}} m <ref name="nbs">National Bureau of Standards. (June 30, 1959). ''Refinement of values for the yard and the pound''. Federal Register, viewed September 20, 2006 at [http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/FedRegister/FRdoc59-5442.pdf National Geodetic Survey web site].</ref>
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1200}{3937}</math> m
−
| ≈ {{val|0.304800610|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.304 800 610 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[french catheter scale|french]]; charriere || F
+
| french; charriere || F
−
| ≡ {{frac|3}} mm
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{3}</math> mm
−
| = 0.{{overline|3}} {{e|-3}} m
+
| = <math> 0. \overline{3}</math> x 10<sup>-3</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[furlong]] || fur
+
| furlong || fur
−
| ≡ 10 chains = 660&nbsp;ft = 220 yd <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 10 chains = 660&nbsp;ft = 220 yd  
 
| = 201.168 m
 
| = 201.168 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[hand (unit)|hand]] || &nbsp;
+
| hand || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ 4 in <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 4 in  
 
| ≡ 0.1016 m
 
| ≡ 0.1016 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[inch]] (International) || in
+
| inch (International) || in
−
| ≡ 2.54&nbsp;cm ≡ {{frac|36}} yd ≡ {{frac|12}}&nbsp;ft
+
| ≡ 2.54&nbsp;cm ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{36}</math> yd ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{12}</math>&nbsp;ft
 
| ≡ 0.0254 m
 
| ≡ 0.0254 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[league (unit)|league]] (land) || lea
+
| league (land) || lea
−
| ≈ 1 hour walk, Currently defined in US as 3 Statute miles,<ref name="physics.nist.gov"/> but historically varied from 2 to 9&nbsp;km
+
| ≈ 1 hour walk, Currently defined in US as 3 Statute miles, but historically varied from 2 to 9&nbsp;km
−
| ≈ {{val|4828|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 4828 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[light-day]] || &nbsp;
+
| light-day || &nbsp;
 
| ≡ 24 light-hours
 
| ≡ 24 light-hours
−
| ≡ {{val|2.59020683712|e=13|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 2.590 206 837 12 × 10<sup>13</sup> m  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[light-hour]] || &nbsp;
+
| light-hour || &nbsp;
 
| ≡ 60 light-minutes
 
| ≡ 60 light-minutes
−
| ≡ {{val|1.0792528488|e=12|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1.079 252 8488 × 10<sup>12</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[light-minute]] || &nbsp;
+
| light-minute || &nbsp;
 
| ≡ 60 light-seconds
 
| ≡ 60 light-seconds
−
| ≡ {{val|1.798754748|e=10|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1.798 754 748 × 10<sup>10</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[light second|light-second]] || &nbsp;
+
| light-second || &nbsp;
 
| ≡ Distance light travels in one second in vacuum
 
| ≡ Distance light travels in one second in vacuum
−
| ≡ {{val|299792458|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 299 792 458 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[light year|light-year]] || ly
+
| light-year || ly
−
| ≡ Distance light travels in vacuum in 365.25 days <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/measuring/|title=International Astronomical Union - IAU|website=www.iau.org}}</ref>
+
| ≡ Distance light travels in vacuum in 365.25 days  
−
| ≡ {{val|9.4607304725808|e=15|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 9.460 730 472 5808 × 10<sup>15</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[line (unit)|line]] || ln
+
| line || ln
−
| ≡ {{frac|12}} in <ref>
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{12}</math> in
−
Klein, Herbert Arthur.
+
| = 0.002 11<math> \overline{6}</math> m
−
(1988). ''The Science of Measurement: a Historical Survey''. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications 0-4862-5839-4.</ref>
 
−
| = {{gaps|0.002|11{{overline|6}}}} m
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[link (unit)|link]] (Gunter's; Surveyor's) || lnk
+
| link (Gunter's; Surveyor's) || lnk
−
| ≡ {{frac|100}} ch <ref name=CRC71/> ≡ 0.66 [[foot (unit)|ft]] (US) ≡ 7.92&nbsp;in
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{100}</math> ch ≡ 0.66 ft (US) ≡ 7.92&nbsp;in
−
| ≈ {{val|0.2011684|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.201 168 4 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| link (Ramsden's; Engineer's) || lnk
 
| link (Ramsden's; Engineer's) || lnk
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft  
 
| = 0.3048 m
 
| = 0.3048 m
 
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
|- style="background:#dfd;"
−
| [[metre]] ([[SI base unit]])<br /><small>(meter)</small> || m
+
| metre (SI base unit)<br /><small>(meter)</small> || m
−
| ≡ Distance light travels in {{frac|{{val|299792458}}}} of a second in vacuum.<ref name=sibaseunits>{{citation|title=The International System of Units, Section 2.1 |publisher=[[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures]] |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/ |edition=8 |year=2006 |access-date=August 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001062018/http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/ |archive-date=October 1, 2009 }}</ref>
+
| ≡ Distance light travels in <math> \tfrac{1}{299 792 458} </math> of a second in vacuum.
−
| ([[SI base unit]])
+
| (SI base unit)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| mickey || &nbsp;
 
| mickey || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ {{frac|200}} in
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{200}</math> in
−
| = {{val|1.27|e=-4|u=m}}
+
| = 1.27 x 10<sup>-4 </sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[micrometre]] (old: micron)|| &mu;; &mu;m  
+
| micrometre (old: micron)|| &mu;; &mu;m  
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-6|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-6</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-6|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-6</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mil; [[thou (unit of length)|thou]] || mil
+
| mil; thou || mil
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-3|u=in}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-3</sup> in
−
| = {{val|2.54|e=-5|u=m}}
+
| = 2.54 x 10<sup>-5</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Norwegian/Swedish mil|mil]] (Sweden and Norway) || mil
+
| mil (Sweden and Norway) || mil
 
| ≡ 10&nbsp;km
 
| ≡ 10&nbsp;km
−
| = {{val|10000|u=m}}
+
| = 10 000 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[geographical mile|mile (geographical)]] (H) || <!--Please provide a reference for any symbols-->
+
| mile (geographical) (H) ||  
−
| ≡ {{val|6082|u=ft}}
+
| ≡ 6082 ft
−
| = {{val|1853.7936|u=m}}
+
| = 1 853.7936 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[mile]] (international) || mi
+
| mile (international) || mi
−
| ≡ 80 chains ≡ {{val|5280|u=ft}} ≡ {{val|1760|u=yd}}
+
| ≡ 80 chains ≡ 5280 ft ≡ 1760 yd
−
| ≡ {{val|1609.344|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 609.344 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[mile]] (tactical or data) ||
+
| mile (tactical or data) ||
−
| ≡ {{val|6000|u=ft}}
+
| ≡ 6000 ft
−
| ≡ {{val|1828.8|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 828.8 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| mile (telegraph) (H) || mi
 
| mile (telegraph) (H) || mi
−
| ≡ {{val|6087|u=ft}}
+
| ≡ 6087 ft
−
| = {{val|1855.3176|u=m}}
+
| = 1 855.3176 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| mile (US Survey) || mi
 
| mile (US Survey) || mi
−
| ≡ {{val|5280}} US Survey feet ≡ ({{val|5280}} × {{frac|{{val|1200}}|{{val|3937}}}}) m
+
| ≡ 5280 US Survey feet ≡ (5280 × <math> \tfrac{1200}{3937}</math>) m
−
| ≈ {{val|1609.347219|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 1 609.347 219 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| nail (cloth) || &nbsp;
 
| nail (cloth) || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ {{frac|2|1|4}} in <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ <math> 2 \tfrac{1}{4}</math> in
−
| = {{val|0.05715|u=m}}
+
| = 0.057 15 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[nanometre]] || nm
+
| nanometre || nm
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-9|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-9</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-9|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-3</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| nautical league || NL; nl
 
| nautical league || NL; nl
−
| ≡ 3 nmi <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 3 nmi  
−
| = {{val|5556|u=m}}
+
| = 5556 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| nautical mile (Admiralty) || NM (Adm); nmi (Adm)
 
| nautical mile (Admiralty) || NM (Adm); nmi (Adm)
−
| = {{val|6080|u=ft}}
+
| = 6080 ft
−
| = {{val|1853.184|u=m}}
+
| = 1 853.184 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[nautical mile]] (international) || NM; nmi
+
| nautical mile (international) || NM; nmi
−
| ≡ {{val|1852|u=m}}<ref name=Table8>[https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table8 ''International System of Units,''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821211324/http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter4/table8.html |date=August 21, 2008 }} 8th ed. (2006), [[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures]], Section 4.1 Table 8.</ref>
+
| ≡ 1852 m
−
| ≡ {{val|1852|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1852 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| nautical mile (US pre 1954) ||
 
| nautical mile (US pre 1954) ||
Line 306: Line 303:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| pace || &nbsp;
 
| pace || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ 2.5&nbsp;ft <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 2.5&nbsp;ft  
 
| = 0.762 m
 
| = 0.762 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Palm (length)|palm]] || &nbsp;
+
| palm || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ 3 in <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 3 in  
 
| = 0.0762 m
 
| = 0.0762 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[parsec]] || pc
+
| parsec || pc
−
| Distant point with a '''''par'''''allax shift of one arc '''''sec'''''ond from a base of one astronomical unit. <br />≡ {{sfrac|{{val|648000}}|{{pi}}}} [[astronomical units|au]]<ref>{{cite book|bibcode=2000asqu.book.....C|editor-last=Cox|editor-first=Arthur N.|date=2000|title=Allen's Astrophysical Quantities|edition=4th|publisher=AIP Press / Springer|location=New York|isbn=0387987460}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|bibcode=2008gady.book.....B|last1=Binney|first1=James|last2=Tremaine|first2=Scott|date=2008|title=Galactic Dynamics|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-691-13026-2|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ}}</ref>
+
| Distant point with a '''''par'''''allax shift of one arc '''''sec'''''ond from a base of one astronomical unit. <br/>≡ <math> \tfrac{648000}{\pi} </math> au
−
| ≈ {{val|30856775814913700|u=m}}<ref name=Seidelmann>P. Kenneth Seidelmann, Ed. (1992). ''Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac.'' Sausalito, CA: University Science Books. p. 716 and s.v. parsec in Glossary.</ref>
+
| ≈ 30 856 775 814 913 700 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Pica (typography)|pica]] || &nbsp;
+
| pica || &nbsp;
 
| ≡ 12 points
 
| ≡ 12 points
 
| Dependent on point measures.
 
| Dependent on point measures.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[picometre]] || pm
+
| picometre || pm
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-12|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-12</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-12|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-12</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[point (typography)|point]] (American, English)<ref name=whitelaw>Whitelaw, Ian. (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=3zgGEWM5-iAC ''A Measure of All Things: The Story of Man and Measurement'']. New York: Macmillan 0-312-37026-1. p. 152.
+
| point (American, English) || pt
−
</ref><ref name=DeVinne>De Vinne, Theodore Low (1900). [https://archive.org/details/practicetypogra03vinngoog ''The practice of typography: a treatise on the processes of type-making, the point system, the names, sizes, styles and prices of plain printing types''] 2nd ed. New York: The Century Co. p. 142&ndash;150.</ref> || pt
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{72.272}</math> in
−
| ≡ {{frac|72.272}} [[inch|in]]
+
| ≈ 0.000 351 450 m
−
| ≈ {{val|0.000351450|u=m}}
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| point (Didot; European) <ref name=DeVinne/><ref>Pasko, Wesley Washington (1894). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_QUAAAAIAAJ ''American dictionary of printing and bookmaking'']. (1894). New York: Howard Lockwood. p. 521.</ref> || pt
+
| point (Didot; European) || pt
−
| ≡ {{frac|12}} × {{frac|72}} of [[Foot (unit)#Obsolete use in different countries|pied du roi]];<br /><br />After 1878:<br />≡ {{frac|5|133}}&nbsp;cm
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{12} \times \tfrac{1}{72}</math> of pied du roi;<br /><br />After 1878:<br />≡ <math> \tfrac{5}{133}</math>&nbsp;cm
−
| ≈ {{val|0.00037597|u=m}};<br /><br />After 1878:<br />≈ {{val|0.00037593985|u=m}}
+
| ≈ 0.000 375 97 m;<br /><br />After 1878:<br />≈ 0.000 375 939 85 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| point ([[PostScript]]) <ref name=whitelaw/>|| pt
+
| point (PostScript) || pt
−
| ≡ {{frac|72}} [[inch|in]]
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{72}</math> in
−
| = {{gaps|0.000|352{{overline|7}}}} m
+
| = <math> 0.000 352\overline{7}</math> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| point ([[TeX]]) <ref name=whitelaw/>|| pt
+
| point (TeX) || pt
−
| ≡ {{frac|72.27}} [[inch|in]]
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{72.27}</math> in
−
| = 0.00{{overline|{{gaps|0|351|4598}}}} m
+
| = <math> 0.00 \overline{0} \ \overline{351} \ \overline{4598} </math> m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| quarter || &nbsp;
 
| quarter || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} yd
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{4}</math> yd
 
| = 0.2286 m
 
| = 0.2286 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[rod (unit)|rod]]; pole; perch (H) || rd
+
| rod; pole; perch (H) || rd
−
| ≡ {{frac|16|1|2}} ft
+
| ≡ <math> 16 \tfrac{1}{2}</math> ft
 
| = 5.0292 m
 
| = 5.0292 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Rope (unit)|rope]] (H) || rope
+
| rope (H) || rope
−
| ≡ 20&nbsp;ft <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 20&nbsp;ft  
 
| = 6.096 m
 
| = 6.096 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Shaku (unit)|shaku]] (Japan) ||  
+
| shaku (Japan) ||  
 
| ≡ 10/33 m
 
| ≡ 10/33 m
 
| ≈ 0.303 0303 m
 
| ≈ 0.303 0303 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| span (H) || &nbsp;
 
| span (H) || &nbsp;
−
| ≡ 9 in <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≡ 9 in  
 
| = 0.2286 m
 
| = 0.2286 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[spat (unit)|spat]]<ref name=howmany>{{citation | last=Rowlett | first=Russ | url=http://www.ibiblio.org/units/ | title=How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement | year=2005}}</ref> ||
+
| spat ||
 
|
 
|
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=12|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>12</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| stick (H) || &nbsp;
 
| stick (H) || &nbsp;
Line 370: Line 366:
 
| = 0.0508 m
 
| = 0.0508 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[toise]] (French, post 1667) (H) || T
+
| toise (French, post 1667) (H) || T
 
| ≡ 27000/13853 m
 
| ≡ 27000/13853 m
 
| ≈ 1.949 0363 m
 
| ≈ 1.949 0363 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[twip]] || twp
+
| twip || twp
−
| ≡ {{frac|1440}} in
+
| ≡ <math> \tfrac{1}{1440}</math> in
−
| = 1.763{{overline|8}}{{e|−5}} m
+
| = <math> 1.763 \overline{8}</math> x 10<sup>-5</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[x unit]]; siegbahn || xu
+
| x unit; siegbahn || xu
 
|
 
|
−
| ≈ {{val|1.0021|e=-13}} m <ref name=CRC71/>
+
| ≈ 1.0021 x 10<sup>-13</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[yard]] (International) || yd
+
| yard (International) || yd
−
| ≡ 0.9144 m <ref name="nbs"/> ≡ 3&nbsp;ft ≡ 36 in
+
| ≡ 0.9144 m ≡ 3&nbsp;ft ≡ 36 in
 
| ≡ 0.9144 m
 
| ≡ 0.9144 m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[yoctometre]] || ym
+
| yoctometre || ym
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-24|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-24</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-24|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-24</sup> m
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[zeptometre]] || zm
+
| zeptometre || zm
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-21|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-21</sup> m
−
| ≡ {{val|1|e=-21|u=m}}
+
| ≡ 1 x 10<sup>-21</sup> m
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
===Area===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Surface area|Area]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[acre]] (international) || ac
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|1 ch × 10 ch}} = {{val|4840|u=sqyd}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|4046.8564224|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[acre]] (US survey) || ac
 
−
| ≡ 10 sq ch = {{val|4840|u=sqyd}}, also {{val|43560|u=sqft}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4046.873|u=m2}}<ref>Thompson, A. and Taylor, B.N. (2008). ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)''. [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] Special Publication 811. p. 57.</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Hectare#Are|are]] || a
 
−
| ≡ 100&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 100&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[barn (unit)|barn]] || b
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>−28</sup>&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>−28</sup>&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| barony || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|4000}}&nbsp;ac
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1.61874256896|e=7|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| board || bd
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|1 in × 1 ft}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|7.74192|e=-3|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| boiler horsepower equivalent direct radiation || bhp EDR
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft<sup>2</sup> × 1&nbsp;bhp / (240&nbsp;BTU<sub>IT</sub>/h)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|12.958174|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| circular [[inch]] || circ in
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|π|4}}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;in
 
−
| ≈ {{val|5.067075|e=-4|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| circular mil; circular thou || circ mil
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|π|4}}&nbsp;mil<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|5.067075|e=-10|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cord || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 192&nbsp;bd
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1.48644864|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[cuerda]] (PR Survey) || cda
 
−
| ≡ 1 cda x 1 cda = {{val|0.971222}} acre
 
−
| ≡ {{val|3930.395625|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[dunam]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=m2}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[guntha]] (India) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 121&nbsp;sq&nbsp;yd
 
−
| ≈ 101.17&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[hectare]] || ha
 
−
| ≡ {{val|10000|u=m2}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|10000|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[hide (unit)|hide]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≈ 120 ac (variable)<!-- Definition is "amount of land required to support one peasant family" -->
 
−
| ≈ {{val|5|e=5|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| rood || ro
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}}&nbsp;ac
 
−
| = {{val|1011.7141056|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Taiwanese units of measurement#Area|ping]] ||
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|20|11}}&nbsp;m × {{frac|20|11}}&nbsp;m
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.306|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| section ||
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|1 mi × 1 mi}}
 
−
| = {{val|2.589988110336|e=6|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[shed (physics)|shed]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>−52</sup>&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 10<sup>−52</sup>&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| square (roofing) ||
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|10 ft × 10 ft}}
 
−
| = {{val|9.290304|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square chain (international) || sq ch
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|66 ft × 66 ft}} = {{frac|10}} ac
 
−
| ≡ {{val|404.68564224|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square chain (US Survey) || sq ch
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|66 ft (US) × 66 ft (US)}} = {{frac|10}} US survey acre
 
−
| ≈ {{val|404.6873|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[square foot]] || sq ft
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|1 ft × 1 ft}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|9.290304|e=-2|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square [[foot (unit)|foot]] (US Survey) || sq ft
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|1 ft (US) × 1 ft (US)}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|9.2903411613275|e=-2|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[square inch]] || sq in
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|1 in × 1 in}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|6.4516|e=-4|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[square kilometre]] || km<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;km × 1&nbsp;km
 
−
| = 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| square link (Gunter's)(International) || sq lnk
 
−
| ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡ 0.66&nbsp;ft × 0.66&nbsp;ft
 
−
| = {{val|4.0468564224|e=-2|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square link (Gunter's)(US Survey) || sq lnk
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|1 lnk × 1 lnk}} ≡ {{nowrap|0.66 ft (US) × 0.66 ft (US)}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.046872|e=-2|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square link (Ramsden's) || sq lnk
 
−
| ≡ 1 lnk × 1 lnk ≡ 1&nbsp;ft × 1&nbsp;ft
 
−
| = {{val|0.09290304|u=m2}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[square metre]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1 [[Metre|m]] × 1 m
 
−
| = 1 m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| square mil; square thou || sq mil
 
−
| ≡ 1 mil × 1 mil
 
−
| = {{val|6.4516|e=-10|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square [[mile]] || sq mi
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi × 1&nbsp;mi
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2.589988110336|e=6|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square [[mile]] (US Survey) || sq mi
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi (US) × 1&nbsp;mi (US)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.58999847|e=6|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square rod/pole/perch || sq rd
 
−
| ≡ 1 rd × 1 rd
 
−
| = {{val|25.29285264|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[square yard]] (International) || sq yd
 
−
| ≡ 1 yd × 1 yd
 
−
| ≡ {{val|0.83612736|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[stremma]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=m2}}
 
−
| = {{val|1000|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[survey township|township]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 36 sq mi (US)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|9.323994|e=7|u=m2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[virgate|yardland]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≈ 30 ac
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.2|e=5|u=m2}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Volume===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Volume]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[acre-foot]] || ac ft
 
−
| ≡ 1 ac x 1&nbsp;ft = {{val|43560|u=cuft}}
 
−
| = {{val|1233.48183754752|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| acre-inch || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 1 ac × 1 in
 
−
| = {{val|102.79015312896|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[barrel (unit)|barrel]] (imperial) || bl (imp)
 
−
| ≡ 36 gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.16365924|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| barrel (petroleum); archaic blue-barrel || bl; bbl
 
−
| ≡ 42 gal (US)
 
−
| = {{val|0.158987294928|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| barrel (US dry) || bl (US)
 
−
| ≡ 105 qt (US) = 105/32 bu (US lvl)
 
−
| = {{val|0.115628198985075|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| barrel (US fluid) || fl bl (US)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|31|1|2}} gal (US)
 
−
| = {{val|0.119240471196|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[board-foot]] || bdft
 
−
| ≡ 144 cu in
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2.359737216|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| bucket (imperial) || bkt
 
−
| ≡ 4 gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.01818436|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[bushel]] (imperial) || bu (imp)
 
−
| ≡ 8 gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.03636872|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| bushel (US dry heaped) || bu (US)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|1|1|4}} bu (US lvl)
 
−
| = {{val|0.0440488377086|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| bushel (US dry level) || bu (US lvl)
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2150.42|u=cuin}}
 
−
| = {{val|0.03523907016688|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[butt (unit)|butt]], pipe || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 126 gal (US) (wine)
 
−
| = {{val|0.476961884784|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[coomb (unit)|coomb]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 4 bu (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.14547488|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cord ([[Cord Measure|firewood]]) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|8 ft × 4 ft × 4 ft}}
 
−
| = {{val|3.624556363776|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cord-foot || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 16 cu ft
 
−
| = {{val|0.453069545472|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic [[fathom]] || cu fm
 
−
| ≡ 1 fm × 1 fm × 1 fm
 
−
| = {{val|6.116438863872|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[cubic foot]] || ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft × 1&nbsp;ft × 1&nbsp;ft
 
−
| ≡ {{val|0.028316846592|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic [[inch]] || in<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1 in × 1 in × 1 in
 
−
| ≡ {{val|16.387064|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[cubic metre]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1 m × 1 m × 1 m
 
−
| ≡ 1 m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic [[mile]] || cu mi
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi × 1&nbsp;mi × 1&nbsp;mi
 
−
| ≡ {{val|4168181825.440579584|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic [[yard]] || yd<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 27 cu ft
 
−
| ≡ {{val|0.764554857984|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[cup (unit)|cup]] (breakfast) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 10 fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|284.130625|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cup (Canadian) || c (CA)
 
−
| ≡ 8 fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|227.3045|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cup (metric) || c
 
−
| ≡ {{val|250.0|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|250.0|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cup (US customary) || c (US)
 
−
| ≡ 8 US fl oz ≡ {{frac|16}} gal (US)
 
−
| = {{val|236.5882365|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cup (US food nutrition labeling) || c (US)
 
−
| ≡ 240&nbsp;mL<ref name=cfr21>{{citation | url=http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div8&view=text&node=21:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6&idno=21 | title=US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Section 101.9, Paragraph (b)(5)(viii) | access-date=August 29, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813113845/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=77734a162c4f7ddd997233b4d623c029&rgn=div8&view=text&node=21%3A2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6&idno=21 | archive-date=August 13, 2009 }}</ref>
 
−
| = {{val|2.4|e=-4|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| dash (imperial) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|384}} gi (imp) = {{frac|2}} pinch (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|369.961|751|302|08{{overline|3}}}}{{e|−9}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| dash (US) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|96}} US fl oz = {{frac|2}} US pinch
 
−
| = {{val|308.057599609375|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[dessertspoon]] (imperial) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|12}} gi (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|11.838|776|041{{overline|6}}}}{{e|−6}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[drop (unit)|drop]] (imperial) || gtt
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|288}} fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|98.656|467|013{{overline|8}}}}{{e|−9}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| drop (imperial) (alt) || gtt
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|{{val|1824}}}} gi (imp)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|77.886684|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| drop (medical) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|12}} mL
 
−
| = 83.{{overline|3}}{{e|−9}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| drop (metric) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|20}} mL
 
−
| = {{val|50.0|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| drop (US) || gtt
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|360}} US fl oz
 
−
| = {{gaps|82.148|693|229|1{{overline|6}}}}{{e|−9}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| drop (US) (alt) || gtt
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|456}} US fl oz
 
−
| ≈ {{val|64.85423149671|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| drop (US) (alt) || gtt
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|576}} US fl oz
 
−
| ≈ {{val|51.34293326823|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| fifth || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|5}} US gal
 
−
| = {{val|757.0823568|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[English brewery cask units#Firkin|firkin]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 9 gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.04091481|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[dram (unit)|fluid drachm]] (imperial) || fl dr
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|8}} fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|3.5516328125|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[dram (unit)|fluid dram]] (US); US fluidram || fl dr
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|8}} US fl oz
 
−
| = {{val|3.6966911953125|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[fluid scruple]] (imperial) || fl s
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|24}} fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|1.183|877|604|1{{overline|6}}}}{{e|−6}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[gallon]] (beer) || beer gal
 
−
| ≡ 282 cu in
 
−
| = {{val|4.621152048|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| gallon (imperial) || gal (imp)
 
−
| ≡ {{val|4.54609|u=L}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|4.54609|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| gallon (US dry) || gal (US)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|8}} bu (US lvl)
 
−
| = {{val|4.40488377086|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| gallon (US fluid; Wine) || gal (US)
 
−
| ≡ 231 cu in
 
−
| ≡ {{val|3.785411784|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
|[[Gill (unit)|gill]] (imperial); Noggin || gi (imp); nog
 
−
| ≡ 5 fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|142.0653125|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| gill (US) || gi (US)
 
−
| ≡ 4 US fl oz
 
−
| = {{val|118.29411825|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[hogshead]] (imperial) || hhd (imp)
 
−
| ≡ 2 bl (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.32731848|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| hogshead (US) || hhd (US)
 
−
| ≡ 2 fl bl (US)
 
−
| = {{val|0.238480942392|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[jigger (bartending)]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|1|1|2}} US fl oz
 
−
| ≈ {{val|44.36|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kilderkin]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 18 gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.08182962|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[lambda (unit)|lambda]] || λ
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mm<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|1|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[last (unit)|last]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 80 bu (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|2.9094976|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[litre]]<br /><small>(liter)</small> || L ''or'' l
 
−
| ≡ 1 dm<sup>3</sup> <ref name=specpub330>Barry N. Taylor, Ed.,[http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf ''NIST Special Publication 330: The International System of Units (SI)''] (2001 Edition), Washington: US Government Printing Office, 43,"The 12th Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM)...declares that the word "litre" may be employed as a special name for the cubic decimetre".</ref>
 
−
| ≡ 0.001 m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| load || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 50 cu ft
 
−
| = {{val|1.4158423296|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[minim (unit)|minim]] (imperial) || min
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|480}} fl oz (imp) = 1/60 fl dr (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|59.193|880|208{{overline|3}}}}{{e|−9}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| minim (US) || min
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|480}} US fl oz = {{frac|60}} US fl dr
 
−
| = {{val|61.611519921875|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[fluid ounce|ounce]] (fluid imperial) || fl oz (imp)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|160}} gal (imp)
 
−
| ≡ {{val|28.4130625|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[fluid ounce|ounce]] (fluid US customary) || US fl oz
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|128}} gal (US)
 
−
| ≡ {{val|29.5735295625|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ounce (fluid US food nutrition labeling) || US fl oz
 
−
| ≡ 30&nbsp;mL<ref name="cfr21"/>
 
−
| ≡ {{val|3|e=-5|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[peck]] (imperial) || pk
 
−
| ≡ 2 gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|9.09218|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| peck (US dry) || pk
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} US lvl bu
 
−
| = {{val|8.80976754172|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[perch (length)|perch]] || per
 
−
| ≡ {{nowrap|{{frac|16|1|2}} ft × {{frac|1|1|2}} ft × 1 ft}}
 
−
| = {{val|0.700841953152|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pinch (imperial) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|192}} gi (imp) = 1/16 tsp (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|739.923|502|604|1{{overline|6}}}}{{e|−9}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| pinch (US) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|48}} US fl oz = 1/16 US tsp
 
−
| = {{val|616.11519921875|e=-9|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[pint]] (imperial) || pt (imp)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|8}} gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|568.26125|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pint (US dry) || pt (US dry)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|64}} bu (US lvl) ≡ {{frac|8}} gal (US dry)
 
−
| = {{val|550.6104713575|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pint (US fluid) || pt (US fl)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|8}} gal (US)
 
−
| = {{val|473.176473|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pony || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|3|4}} US fl oz
 
−
| = {{val|22.180147171875|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pottle; quartern || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|2}} gal (imp) = 80 fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|2.273045|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[quart]] (imperial) || qt (imp)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|1.1365225|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| quart (US dry) || qt (US)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|32}} bu (US lvl) = {{frac|4}} gal (US dry)
 
−
| = {{val|1.101220942715|e=-3|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| quart (US fluid) || qt (US)
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} gal (US fl)
 
−
| = {{val|946.352946|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| quarter; pail || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 8 bu (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.29094976|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| register ton || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 100 cu ft
 
−
| = {{val|2.8316846592|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| sack (US) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 3 bu (US lvl)
 
−
| = {{val|0.10571721050064|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| seam || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 8 bu <ref name=howmany/>
 
−
| = {{val|0.29095|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| shot (US) || &nbsp;
 
−
| usually 1.5 US fl oz<ref name=howmany/>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|44.4|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| strike (imperial) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 2 bu (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|0.07273744|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| strike (US) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 2 bu (US lvl)
 
−
| = {{val|0.07047814033376|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[tablespoon]] (Australian metric) || &nbsp;
 
−
|
 
−
| ≡ {{val|20.0|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| tablespoon (Canadian) || tbsp
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|2}} fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|14.20653125|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| tablespoon (imperial) || tbsp
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|5|8}} fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|17.7581640625|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| tablespoon (metric) || &nbsp;
 
−
|
 
−
| ≡ {{val|15|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| tablespoon (US customary) || tbsp
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|2}} US fl oz
 
−
| = {{val|14.78676478125|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| tablespoon (US food nutrition labeling) || tbsp
 
−
| ≡ 15&nbsp;mL<ref name="cfr21"/>
 
−
| = {{val|15|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[teaspoon]] (Canadian) || tsp
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|6}} fl oz (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|4.735|510|41{{overline|6}}}}{{e|−6}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| teaspoon (imperial) || tsp
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|24}} gi (imp)
 
−
| = {{gaps|5.919|388|020|8{{overline|3}}}}{{e|−6}} m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| teaspoon (metric) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|5.0|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|5.0|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| teaspoon (US customary) || tsp
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|6}} US fl oz
 
−
| = {{val|4.92892159375|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| teaspoon (US food nutrition labeling) || tsp
 
−
| ≡ 5&nbsp;mL<ref name="cfr21"/>
 
−
| = {{val|5|e=-6|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[timber foot]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 1 cu ft
 
−
| = {{val|0.028316846592|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ton]] (displacement) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 35 cu ft
 
−
| = {{val|0.99108963072|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ton (freight) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 40 cu ft
 
−
| = {{val|1.13267386368|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ton (water) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 28 bu (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|1.01832416|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ton|tun]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 252 gal (wine)
 
−
| = {{val|0.953923769568|u=m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[wey (unit)|wey]] (US) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 40 bu (US lvl)
 
−
| = {{val|1.4095628066752|u=m3}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Plane angle===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Angle|Plane angle]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Milliradian|NATO mil]] || ([[Milliradian#Definitions for maps and artillery|various]])
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|2π|{{val|6400}}}} rad
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.981748|e=-3|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Milliradian|Swedish streck]] ||
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|2π|{{val|6300}}}} rad
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.997302|e=-3|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[milliradian]] || mrad
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|1|1000}}&nbsp;rad
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1|e=-3|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Milliradian|Warsaw Pact mil]] ||
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|2π|{{val|6000}}}} rad
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.047167|e=-3|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[minute of arc|arcminute]]; MOA|| '
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|1°|60}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.290888|e=-3|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[arcsecond]] || "
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|1°|{{val|3600}}}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.848137|e=-6|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| centesimal [[minute of arc]] || '
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|100}} grad
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.157080|e=-3|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| centesimal [[second of arc]] || "
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|{{val|10000}}}} grad
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.570796|e=-6|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[degree (angle)|degree (of arc)]] || °
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|360}} of a revolution ≡ {{frac|π|180}} rad
 
−
| ≈ {{val|17.453293|e=-3|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[grad (angle)|grad]]; gradian; gon || grad
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|400}} of a revolution ≡ {{frac|π|200}} rad ≡ 0.9°
 
−
| {{nowrap|≈ {{val|15.707963|e=-3|u=rad}}}} <!-- used nowrap here to prevent wrapping of units for entire column -->
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[octant (plane geometry)|octant]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 45°
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.785398|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Circular sector|quadrant]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 90°
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.570796|u=rad}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[radian]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || rad
 
−
| The angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc whose length is equal to the circle's radius.<br>One full revolution encompasses 2π radians.
 
−
| = 1 rad
 
−
|-
 
−
| sextant || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 60°
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.047198|u=rad}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| sign || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 30°
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.523599|u=rad}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Solid angle===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Solid angle]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[spat (unit)|spat]] ||
 
−
| {{nowrap|≡ 4π sr}}<ref name="howmany"/> – The solid angle subtended by a [[sphere]] at its centre.
 
−
| {{nowrap|≈ {{val|12.56637|u=sr}}}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[square degree]] || deg<sup>2</sup>; sq.deg.; (°)<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| {{nowrap|≡ ({{frac|π|180}})<sup>2</sup> sr}}
 
−
| {{nowrap|≈ {{val|0.30462|e=-3}} sr}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[steradian]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || sr
 
−
| The solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere of radius ''r'' by a portion of the surface of the sphere having an area ''r''<sup>2</sup>.<br>A sphere subtends 4π&nbsp;sr.<ref name="howmany"/>
 
−
| = 1 sr
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Mass===
 
−
Notes:
 
−
* See [[Weight]] for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion.
 
−
* [[Avoirdupois]] is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while [[Troy weight]] is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound.
 
−
* In this table, the symbol {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} is used to denote [[standard gravity]] in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
 
−
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Mass]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[unified atomic mass unit|atomic mass unit, unified]] || u; AMU
 
−
|Same as ''dalton'' (see below)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.660539040|(20)|e=-27|u=kg}}<ref name="physics.nist.gov"/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[atomic units|atomic unit of mass]], [[electron]] rest mass || ''m''<sub>e</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|9.10938291|(40)|e=-31|u=kg}}<ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ttme|search_for=atomic+unit+of+mass ''CODATA Value: atomic unit of mass.''] (2010). [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]. Retrieved 29 May 2015.</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| bag ([[coffee]]) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 60&nbsp;kg
 
−
| = 60&nbsp;kg
 
−
|-
 
−
| bag ([[Portland cement]])|| &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 94&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| = {{val|42.63768278|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| barge || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|22|1|2}} short ton
 
−
| = {{val|20411.65665|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Carat (unit)|carat]] || kt
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|3|1|6}} gr
 
−
| = {{val|205.196548}}{{overline|3}}&nbsp;mg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Carat (unit)|carat]] (metric) || ct
 
−
| ≡ 200&nbsp;mg
 
−
| = 200&nbsp;mg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[clove (weight)|clove]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 8&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| = {{val|3.62873896|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| crith || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ mass of 1 L of hydrogen gas at [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|STP]]
 
−
| ≈ 89.9349&nbsp;mg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[dalton (unit)|dalton]] || Da
 
−
| 1/12 the mass of an [[Chemical bond|unbound]] neutral atom of [[carbon-12]] in its nuclear and electronic [[ground state]] and [[invariant mass|at rest]]
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.660538921|(73)|e=-27|u=kg}}<ref name="physics.nist.gov"/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[dram (unit)|dram]] (apothecary; [[troy weight|troy]]) || dr t
 
−
| ≡ 60 gr
 
−
| = {{val|3.8879346|u=g}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Avoirdupois|dram]] (avoirdupois) || dr av
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|27|11|32}} gr
 
−
| = {{val|1.7718451953125|u=g}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[electronvolt]] || eV
 
−
| ≡ 1 eV (energy unit) / [[speed of light|''c'']]<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|1.78266184|(45)|e=-36|u=kg}}<ref name="physics.nist.gov"/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| gamma || γ
 
−
| ≡ 1 μg
 
−
| = 1 μg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[grain (measure)|grain]] || gr
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|{{val|7000}}}}&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| ≡ {{val|64.79891|u=mg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Grave (unit)|grave]] || gv
 
−
| grave was the original name of the kilogram
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;kg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[hundredweight]] (long) || long cwt or cwt
 
−
| ≡ 112&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| = {{val|50.80234544|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[hundredweight]] (short); cental || sh cwt
 
−
| ≡ 100&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| = {{val|45.359237|u=kg}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[kilogram]]<br /><small>(kilogramme)</small>|| kg
 
−
| ≈ mass of the prototype near Paris<br>≈ mass of 1&nbsp;litre of water
 
−
| ([[SI base unit]])<ref name="sibaseunits"/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kip (unit)|kip]] || kip
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=lb}} av<!--KIloPound-->
 
−
| = {{val|453.59237|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[mark (unit)|mark]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 8 oz t
 
−
| = {{val|248.8278144|u=g}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| mite || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|20}} gr
 
−
| = {{val|3.2399455|u=mg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| mite (metric) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|20}} g
 
−
| = 50&nbsp;mg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[troy ounce|ounce (apothecary; troy)]] || oz t
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|12}}&nbsp;lb t
 
−
| = {{val|31.1034768|u=g}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ounce]] ([[avoirdupois]]) || oz av
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|16}}&nbsp;lb
 
−
| = {{val|28.349523125|u=g}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ounce (US food nutrition labelling) || oz
 
−
| ≡ 28&nbsp;g<ref name="cfr21"/>
 
−
| = 28&nbsp;g
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[pennyweight]] || dwt; pwt
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|20}} oz t
 
−
| = {{val|1.55517384|u=g}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[point (gemstone)|point]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|100}} ct
 
−
| = 2&nbsp;mg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[pound (mass)|pound (avoirdupois)]] || lb av
 
−
| ≡ {{val|0.45359237|u=kg}} = {{val|7000}} grains
 
−
| ≡ {{val|0.45359237|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[pound (mass)|pound (metric)]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 500 g
 
−
| = 500 g
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[pound (mass)|pound (troy)]] || lb t
 
−
| ≡ {{val|5760}} grains
 
−
| = {{val|0.3732417216|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| quarter (imperial) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} long cwt = 2 st = 28&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| = {{val|12.70058636|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| quarter (informal)|| &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} short ton
 
−
| = {{val|226.796185|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| quarter, long (informal)|| &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} long ton
 
−
| = {{val|254.0117272|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[quintal (unit of mass)|quintal]] (metric) || q
 
−
| ≡ 100&nbsp;kg
 
−
| = 100&nbsp;kg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[apothecaries' system|scruple]] ([[apothecary]]) || s ap
 
−
| ≡ 20 gr
 
−
| = {{val|1.2959782|u=g}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| sheet || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|700}}&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| = 647.9891&nbsp;mg
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[slug (unit)|slug]]; geepound; hyl || slug
 
−
| ≡ {{math|[[standard gravity|''g''<sub>0</sub>]]}} × 1&nbsp;lb av × 1 s<sup>2</sup>/ft
 
−
| ≈ {{val|14.593903|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[stone (weight)|stone]] || st
 
−
| ≡ 14&nbsp;lb av
 
−
| = {{val|6.35029318|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[assay ton|ton, assay]] (long) || AT
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mg × 1 long ton ÷ 1 oz t
 
−
| = 32.{{overline|6}}&nbsp;g
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[assay ton|ton, assay]] (short) || AT
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mg × 1 short ton ÷ 1 oz t
 
−
| = 29.1{{overline|6}}&nbsp;g
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[long ton|ton, long]]|| long tn or ton
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2240|u=lb}}
 
−
| = {{val|1016.0469088|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[short ton|ton, short]] || sh tn
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2000|u=lb}}
 
−
| = {{val|907.18474|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[tonne]] ([[Metre-tonne-second system of units|mts]] unit) || t
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=kg}}
 
−
| = {{val|1000|u=kg}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[wey (unit)|wey]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 252&nbsp;lb = 18 st
 
−
| = {{val|114.30527724|u=kg}} (variants exist)
 
−
|-
 
−
| Zentner || Ztr.
 
−
| Definitions vary.<ref name="howmany"/><ref>The Swiss Federal Office for Metrology gives ''Zentner'' on a German language web page {{cite web |url=http://www.metas.ch/de/scales/systemch.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-10-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928011837/http://www.metas.ch/de/scales/systemch.html |archive-date=2006-09-28 }} and ''quintal'' on the English translation of that page {{cite web |url=http://www.metas.ch/en/scales/systemch.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-10-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010309033010/http://www.metas.ch/en/scales/systemch.html |archive-date=2001-03-09 }}; the unit is marked "spécifiquement suisse !"</ref>
 
−
|
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
=== Density ===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Density]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| gram per millilitre
 
−
| g/mL
 
−
| ≡ g/mL
 
−
| = {{val|1000|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| kilogram per cubic metre (SI&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| kg/m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ kg/m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| kilogram per litre
 
−
| kg/L
 
−
| ≡ kg/L
 
−
| = {{val|1000|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic foot
 
−
| oz/ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ oz/ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.001153961|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ounce (avoirdupois) per cubic inch
 
−
| oz/in<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ oz/in<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.729994044|e=3|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial)
 
−
| oz/gal
 
−
| ≡ oz/gal
 
−
| ≈ {{val|6.236023291|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid)
 
−
| oz/gal
 
−
| ≡ oz/gal
 
−
| ≈ {{val|7.489151707|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound (avoirdupois) per cubic foot
 
−
| lb/ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ lb/ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|16.01846337|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound (avoirdupois) per cubic inch
 
−
| lb/in<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ lb/in<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.767990471|e=4|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial)
 
−
| lb/gal
 
−
| ≡ lb/gal
 
−
| ≈ {{val|99.77637266|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid)
 
−
| lb/gal
 
−
| ≡ lb/gal
 
−
| ≈ {{val|119.8264273|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[slug (unit)|slug]] per cubic foot
 
−
| slug/ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≡ slug/ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|515.3788184|u=kg/m3}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Time===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Time]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[atomic units|Atomic unit of time]] || au
 
−
| ≡ [[Bohr radius|''a''<sub>0</sub>]]/([[fine-structure constant|''α'']]⋅[[speed of light|''c'']])
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.418884254|e=-17|u=s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Callippic cycle]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 441 mo (hollow) + 499 mo (full) = 76 a of 365.25 d
 
−
| = {{val|2.396736|u=Gs}} or {{val|2.3983776|u=Gs}}<ref group=note>see [[Callippic cycle]] for explanation of the differences</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Century]] || c
 
−
| ≡ 100 years (100 a)
 
−
| =&nbsp;{{val|3.1556952|u=Gs}}<ref group=note name=avegreg>This is based on the average Gregorian year. See above for definition of year lengths.</ref><ref group=note name=leapsec>Where [[UTC]] is observed, the length of this unit may increase or decrease<br>depending on the number of [[leap second]]s which occur during the time interval in question.</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Day]] || d
 
−
| = 24 h = {{val|1440}} min
 
−
| = {{val|86.4|u=ks}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| Day (sidereal) || d
 
−
| ≡ Time needed for the Earth to rotate once around its axis, determined from successive transits of a very distant astronomical object across an observer's meridian ([[International Celestial Reference Frame]])
 
−
| ≈ {{val|86.1641|u=ks}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Decade]] || dec
 
−
| ≡ 10 years (10 a)
 
−
| = {{val|315.569520|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=avegreg /><ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Fortnight]] || fn
 
−
| ≡ 2 wk
 
−
| = {{val|1.2096|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Helek]] ||
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|{{val|1080}}}} h
 
−
| = 3.{{overline|3}} s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Hipparchic cycle]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 4 Callippic cycles - 1 d
 
−
| = {{val|9.593424|u=Gs}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Hour]] || h
 
−
| ≡ 60 min
 
−
| = {{val|3.6|u=ks}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[jiffy (time)|Jiffy]] || j
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|60}} s
 
−
| = 16.{{overline|6}} ms
 
−
|-
 
−
| Jiffy (alternative) || ja
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|100}} s
 
−
| = 10 ms
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Traditional Chinese timekeeping|Ke]] (quarter of an hour) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|4}} h = {{frac|96}} d = 15 min
 
−
| = 900 s
 
−
|-
 
−
| Ke (traditional) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|100}} d = 14.4 min
 
−
| = 864 s
 
−
|-
 
−
| Lustre; Lustrum || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 5 a of 365 d<ref group=note>The length of ancient lustral cycles was not constant; see [[Lustrum]] for more details</ref>
 
−
| = {{val|157.68|u=Ms}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Metonic cycle]]; enneadecaeteris || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 110 mo (hollow) + 125 mo (full) = 6940 d ≈ 19 a
 
−
| = {{val|599.616|u=Ms}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Millennium]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000}} years ({{val|1000|u=a}})
 
−
| =&nbsp;{{val|31.556952|u=Gs}}<ref group=note name=avegreg /><ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Metric time#Alternative units|Milliday]] || md
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|{{val|1000}}}} d
 
−
| = 86.4 s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Minute]] || min
 
−
| ≡ 60 s, due to [[leap second]]s sometimes 59 s or 61 s,
 
−
| = 60 s<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[moment (time)|Moment]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 90 s
 
−
| = 90 s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Month]] (full) || mo
 
−
| ≡ 30 d<ref name="PedersenGloss">Pedersen O. (1983). "Glossary" in [[George Coyne|Coyne, G.]], Hoskin, M., and Pedersen, O. ''Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary''. Vatican Observatory. Available from [[Astrophysics Data System]].</ref>
 
−
| = {{val|2.592|e=6|u=s}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| Month (Greg. av.) || mo
 
−
| = {{val|30.436875|u=d}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.6297|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| Month (hollow) || mo
 
−
| ≡ 29 d<ref name="PedersenGloss"/>
 
−
| = {{val|2.5056|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| Month ([[Synodic period|synodic]]) || mo
 
−
| Cycle time of moon phases ≈ {{val|29.530589|u=d}} (average)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.551|u=Ms}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Octaeteris]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| = 48 mo (full) + 48 mo (hollow) + 3 mo (full)<ref>{{Citation | last=Richards | first=E.G. | title=Mapping Time | year=1998 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/mappingtimecalen00rich/page/94 94–95] | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-850413-6 | url=https://archive.org/details/mappingtimecalen00rich/page/94 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last=Steel | first=Duncan | title=Marking Time | year=2000 | page=[https://archive.org/details/markingtimeepicq00stee_0/page/46 46] | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | isbn=0-471-29827-1 | url=https://archive.org/details/markingtimeepicq00stee_0/page/46 }}</ref> = 8 a of 365.25 d = 2922 d
 
−
| = {{val|252.4608|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Planck time]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ ({{frac|[[gravitational constant|''G'']][[reduced Planck constant|''ℏ'']]|[[speed of light|''c'']]<sup>5</sup>}})<sup>{{frac|2}}</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|5.39116|e=-44|u=s}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkt|title=CODATA Value: Planck time|website=physics.nist.gov|access-date=2018-06-20}}</ref>
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[Second]] (SI base unit)|| s
 
−
| ≡ Time of {{val|9192631770}} periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom at 0&nbsp;K<ref name="sibaseunits"/> (but other seconds are sometimes used in astronomy). Also that time it takes for light to travel a distance of {{val|299792458}} metres.
 
−
| ([[SI base unit]])
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[shake (time)|Shake]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>−8</sup> s
 
−
| = 10 ns
 
−
|-
 
−
| Sigma || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>−6</sup> s
 
−
| = 1 μs
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Sothic cycle]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1461}} a of 365 d
 
−
| = {{val|46.074096|u=Gs}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Svedberg]] || S
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>−13</sup> s
 
−
| = 100 fs
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Week]] || wk
 
−
| ≡ 7 d = 168 h = {{val|10080|u=min}}
 
−
| = {{val|604.8|u=ks}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Year]] (common) || {{nowrap|a, y, ''or'' yr}} || 365 d || = {{val|31.536|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=leapsec /><ref name=Richards>Richards, E. G. (2013). "Calendars" in S. E. Urban & P. K. Seidelmann, eds. ''Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac''. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books.</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Year (Gregorian) || a, y, ''or'' yr
 
−
| = 365.2425 d average, calculated from common years (365 d) plus leap years (366 d) on most years divisible by 4. See [[leap year]] for details.
 
−
| = {{val|31.556952|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=leapsec />
 
−
|-
 
−
| Year (Julian) || a, y, ''or'' yr
 
−
| = 365.25 d average, calculated from common years (365 d) plus one leap year (366 d) every four years
 
−
| = {{val|31.5576|u=Ms}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Leap year|Year (leap)]]|| a, y, ''or'' yr || 366 d || = {{val|31.6224|u=Ms}}<ref group=note name=leapsec /><ref name = Richards/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[tropical year|Year (mean tropical)]] || a, y, ''or'' yr
 
−
| Conceptually, the length of time it takes for the Sun to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, <ref group=Converter>The technical definition of tropical year is the period of time for the ecliptic longitude of the Sun to increase 360 degrees. (Urban & Seidelmann 2013, Glossary, s.v. year, tropical)</ref> approximately {{val|365.24219}} d, each day being {{val|86400}} SI seconds<ref>Richards, E. G. (2013). "Calendars" in S. E. Urban & P. K. Seidelmann, eds. ''Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac''. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. p. 587.</ref>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|31.556925|u=Ms}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[sidereal year|Year (sidereal)]] || a, y, ''or'' yr
 
−
| ≡ Time taken for Sun to return to the same position with respect to the stars of the celestial sphere, approximately {{val|365.256363|u=d}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|31.5581497632|u=Ms}}
 
−
|-
 
−
|COLSPAN="4"|Notes: {{Reflist|group=note}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Frequency===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Frequency
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| Actions per minute || APM
 
−
| ≡ 1/60&nbsp;Hz
 
−
|≈ {{Val|0.0167 |u=Hz}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Cycle per second]] || cps
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;Hz
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;cps = 1&nbsp;Hz
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree per second || deg/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;°/s ≡ 1/360&nbsp;Hz
 
−
| = {{val|0.002}}{{overline|7}} Hz
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[hertz]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || Hz
 
−
| ≡ One cycle per second
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;Hz = 1/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Radian per second]] || rad/s
 
−
| ≡ 1/(2π) Hz
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.159155|u=Hz}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[revolutions per minute]] || rpm
 
−
| ≡ One unit rpm equals one rotation completed around a fixed axis in one minute of time.
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.104719755|u=rad/s}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Speed or velocity===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Speed]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!width="150pt"|Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] per [[hour]] || fph
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft/h
 
−
| = 8.4{{overline|6}}{{e|−5}}&nbsp;m/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] per [[minute]] || fpm
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft/min
 
−
| = {{val|5.08|e=-3|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] per [[second]] || fps
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft/s
 
−
| = {{val|3.048|e=-1|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[furlong]] per [[fortnight]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ furlong/fortnight
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.663095|e=-4|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[inch]] per [[hour]] || iph
 
−
| ≡ 1 in/h
 
−
| = 7.0{{overline|5}}{{e|−6}} m/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| inch per [[minute]] || ipm
 
−
| ≡ 1 in/min
 
−
| = 4.2{{overline|3}}{{e|−4}} m/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| inch per [[second]] || ips
 
−
| ≡ 1 in/s
 
−
| = {{val|2.54|e=-2|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kilometre per hour]] || km/h
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;km/h
 
−
| = 2.{{overline|7}}{{e|−1}}&nbsp;m/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[knot (unit)|knot]] || kn
 
−
| ≡ 1 [[nautical mile|nmi]]/h = 1.852&nbsp;km/h
 
−
| = 0.51{{overline|4}}&nbsp;m/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[knot (unit)|knot]] (Admiralty) || kn
 
−
| ≡ 1 NM (Adm)/h = {{val|1.853184|u=km/h}}<ref>Until 1970 the UK Admiralty (and until 1954 the US) used other definitions of the [[Nautical mile#History|nautical mile]] and hence the knot. See also [[#Length]]</ref>
 
−
| = {{val|0.51477}}{{overline|3}}&nbsp;m/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[mach number]] || ''M''
 
−
| Ratio of the speed to the speed of sound{{#tag:ref|The speed of sound varies especially with temperature and pressure from about {{val|340|u=m/s}} ({{convert|1225|km/h|mph kn |disp=or|abbr=on}})<br>in air at sea level to about {{val|300|u=m/s}} ({{convert|1062|km/h|mph kn|disp=or|abbr=on}}) at jet altitudes ({{convert|12200|m|ft|comma=gaps|disp=or|abbr=on}}).<ref>Tom Benson. (2010.) [http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/mach.html "Mach Number"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410140252/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/mach.html |date=2006-04-10 }} in ''Beginner's Guide to Aeronautics''. [[NASA]].</ref>|name=sound|group=note}} in the medium (unitless).
 
−
| ≈ 340&nbsp;m/s in air at sea level<br/> ≈ 295&nbsp;m/s in air at jet altitudes
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[metre per second]] (SI&nbsp;unit)|| m/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;m/s
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;m/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[mile per hour]] || mph
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi/h
 
−
| = {{val|0.44704|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[mile]] per [[minute]] || mpm
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi/min
 
−
| = {{val|26.8224|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| mile per [[second]] || mps
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi/s
 
−
| = {{val|1609.344|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[speed of light]] in vacuum || ''c''
 
−
| ≡ {{val|299792458|u=m/s}}
 
−
| = {{val|299792458|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[speed of sound]] in air || ''s''
 
−
| {{val|1225}} to {{val|1062|u=km/h}} ({{convert|761|-|660|mph|kn|disp=or|abbr=on}})<ref name=sound group=note />
 
−
| ≈ {{val|340|to|295|u=m/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
|colspan=4|
 
−
;Note
 
−
{{Reflist|group=note}}
 
−
|}
 
−
A [[velocity]] consists of a speed combined with a direction; the speed part of the velocity takes units of speed.
 
−
 
−
===Flow (volume)===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Flow
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic foot per minute
 
−
| CFM{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft<sup>3</sup>/min
 
−
| = {{val|4.719474432|e=-4|u=m3/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic foot per second
 
−
| ft<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
| = {{val|0.028316846592|u=m3/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic inch per minute
 
−
| in<sup>3</sup>/min
 
−
| ≡ 1 in<sup>3</sup>/min
 
−
| = {{val|2.731177}}{{overline|3}}{{e|-7}}&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic inch per second
 
−
| in<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 in<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
| = {{val|1.6387064|e=-5|u=m3/s}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| cubic metre per second (SI&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| m<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 m<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
| = 1 m<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| gallon (US fluid) per day
 
−
| GPD{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 gal/d
 
−
| = {{val|4.38126363}}{{overline|8}}{{e|-8}}&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| gallon (US fluid) per hour
 
−
| GPH{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 gal/h
 
−
| = {{val|1.05150327}}{{overline|3}}{{e|-6}}&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| gallon (US fluid) per minute
 
−
| GPM{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 gal/min
 
−
| = {{val|6.30901964|e=-5|u=m3/s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| litre per minute
 
−
| l/min or L/min
 
−
| ≡ 1 L/min
 
−
| = 1.{{overline|6}}{{e|-5}} m<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Acceleration===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Acceleration]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] per [[hour]] per [[second]] || fph/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft/(h⋅s)
 
−
| = 8.4{{overline|6}}{{e|−5}}&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] per [[minute]] per [[second]] || fpm/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft/(min⋅s)
 
−
| = {{val|5.08|e=-3|u=m/s2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] per [[second]] squared || fps<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|3.048|e=-1|u=m/s2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[gal (acceleration)|gal]]; galileo || Gal
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;cm/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 10<sup>−2</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[inch]] per [[minute]] per [[second]] || ipm/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 in/(min⋅s)
 
−
| = 4.2{{overline|3}}{{e|−4}} m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[inch]] per [[second]] squared || ips<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1 in/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|2.54|e=-2|u=m/s2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[knot (unit)|knot]] per [[second]] || kn/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 kn/s
 
−
| ≈ 5.1{{overline|4}}{{e|−1}}&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[metre per second squared]] (SI&nbsp;unit)|| m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[mile]] per [[hour]] per [[second]] || mph/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi/(h⋅s)
 
−
| = {{val|4.4704|e=-1|u=m/s2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[mile]] per [[minute]] per [[second]] || mpm/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi/(min⋅s)
 
−
| = 26.8224&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[mile]] per [[second]] squared || mps<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mi/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|1.609344|e=3|u=m/s2}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[standard gravity]] || {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}}
 
−
| ≡ {{val|9.80665|u=m/s2}}
 
−
| = {{val|9.80665|u=m/s2}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Force===
 
−
{{See also|Weight#Mass|Mass versus weight}}
 
−
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Force (physics)|Force]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!width="150pt"|Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[atomic units|atomic unit of force]] ||
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|m<sub>e</sub>⋅[[fine-structure constant|α]]<sup>2</sup>⋅[[speed of light|''c'']]<sup>2</sup>|[[Bohr radius|a<sub>0</sub>]]}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|8.23872206|e=-8|u=N}}<ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/ ''CODATA Value: atomic unit of force'']. (2006). [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]. Retrieved September 14, 2008.</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[dyne]] ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || dyn
 
−
| ≡ g⋅cm/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 10<sup>−5</sup> N
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kilogram-force]]; kilopond; [[grave (unit)|grave]]-force || kgf; kp; gvf
 
−
| ≡ {{math|[[standard gravity|''g''<sub>0</sub>]]}} × 1&nbsp;kg
 
−
| = {{val|9.80665|u=N}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kip (unit)|kip]]; kip-force || kip; kipf; klbf
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × {{val|1000|u=lb}}
 
−
| = {{val|4.4482216152605|e=3|u=N}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[grave (unit)|milligrave]]-force, gravet-force || mgvf; gvtf
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × 1 g
 
−
| = {{val|9.80665|u=mN}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| long [[ton]]-force || tnf{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × 1 long ton
 
−
| = {{val|9.96401641818352|e=3|u=N}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[newton (unit)|newton]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || N
 
−
| A force capable of giving a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one metre per second per second.<ref name=cipm1946>{{citation | title=Comité International des Poids et Mesures, Resolution 2 | url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/1946/2/ | year=1946 | access-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref>
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;N = 1&nbsp;kg⋅m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ounce-force]] || ozf
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × 1 oz
 
−
| = {{val|0.27801385095378125|u=N}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[pound-force]] || [[lbf]]
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × 1&nbsp;lb
 
−
| = {{val|4.4482216152605|u=N}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[poundal]] || pdl
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lb⋅ft/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|0.138254954376|u=N}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| short ton-force || tnf{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × 1 short ton
 
−
| = {{val|8.896443230521|e=3|u=N}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| sthene ([[Metre-tonne-second system of units|mts]] unit) || sn
 
−
| ≡ 1 t⋅m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 10<sup>3</sup> N
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Pressure or mechanical stress===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Pressure]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[atmosphere (unit)|atmosphere]] (standard) || atm
 
−
|
 
−
| ≡ {{val|101325|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811>Barry N. Taylor, (April 1995), [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)''] (NIST Special Publication 811), Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, pp. 57&ndash;68.</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[atmosphere (unit)|atmosphere]] (technical) || at
 
−
| ≡ 1 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|9.80665|e=4|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[bar (unit)|bar]] || bar
 
−
| ≡ {{val|100000}}&nbsp;Pa
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>5</sup> Pa
 
−
|-
 
−
| barye ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 1 dyn/cm<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 0.1 Pa
 
−
|-
 
−
| centimetre of mercury || cmHg
 
−
| ≡ {{val|13595.1|u=kg/m3}} × 1&nbsp;cm × {{math|[[standard gravity|''g''<sub>0</sub>]]}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.33322|e=3|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| centimetre of [[water]] (4&nbsp;°C) || cmH<sub>2</sub>O
 
−
| ≈ 999.972&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> × 1&nbsp;cm × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|98.0638|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] of mercury (conventional)|| ftHg
 
−
| ≡ {{val|13595.1|u=kg/m3}} × 1&nbsp;ft × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.063666|e=4|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot (unit)|foot]] of [[water]] (39.2&nbsp;°F) || ftH<sub>2</sub>O
 
−
| ≈ 999.972&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> × 1&nbsp;ft × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.98898|e=3|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[inch of mercury]] (conventional) || inHg
 
−
| ≡ {{val|13595.1|u=kg/m3}} × 1 in × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.386389|e=3|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[inch]] of [[water]] (39.2&nbsp;°F) || inH<sub>2</sub>O
 
−
| ≈ 999.972&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> × 1 in × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|249.082|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| kilogram-force per square millimetre || kgf/mm<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1 kgf/mm<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|9.80665|e=6|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kip (unit)|kip]] per square [[inch]] || ksi
 
−
| ≡ 1 kipf/sq in
 
−
| ≈ {{val|6.894757|e=6|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| long [[ton]] per square [[foot (unit)|foot]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 1 long ton × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} / 1 sq ft
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.0725178011595|e=5|u=Pa}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| micrometre of mercury || &mu;mHg
 
−
| ≡ {{val|13595.1|u=kg/m3}} × 1 &mu;m × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} ≈ 0.001 torr
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.1333224|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[torr|millimetre of mercury]] || [[mmHg]]
 
−
| ≡ {{val|13595.1|u=kg/m3}} × 1&nbsp;mm × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} ≈ 1 torr
 
−
| ≈ {{val|133.3224|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| millimetre of [[water]] (3.98&nbsp;°C) || mmH<sub>2</sub>O
 
−
| ≈ 999.972&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> × 1&nbsp;mm × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} = {{val|0.999972|u=kgf/m<sup>2</sup>}}
 
−
| = {{val|9.80638|u=Pa}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[pascal (unit)|pascal]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || Pa
 
−
| ≡ N/m<sup>2</sup> = kg/(m⋅s<sup>2</sup>)
 
−
| = 1 Pa<ref>Barry N. Taylor, (April 1995), ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)'' (NIST Special Publication 811), Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, p. 5.</ref>
 
−
|-
 
−
| pièze ([[Metre-tonne-second system of units|mts]] unit) || pz
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=kg/m⋅s<sup>2</sup>}}
 
−
| = {{val|e=3|u=Pa}} = 1 kPa
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[pound force|pound]] per square [[foot (unit)|foot]] || psf
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lbf/ft<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|47.88026|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Pound-force per square inch|pound per square inch]] || psi
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lbf/in<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|6.894757|e=3|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[poundal]] per square [[foot (unit)|foot]] || pdl/sq ft
 
−
| ≡ 1 pdl/sq ft
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.488164|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| short [[ton]] per square [[foot (unit)|foot]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 1 short ton × {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} / 1 sq ft
 
−
| ≈ {{val|9.5760518|e=4|u=Pa}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[torr]] || torr
 
−
| ≡ {{frac|{{val|101325}}|760}} Pa
 
−
| ≈ {{val|133.3224|u=Pa}}<ref name=press811/>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Torque or moment of force===<!-- not equivalent to energy -->
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Torque]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound-force-foot || lbf⋅ft
 
−
| ≡ {{math|[[standard gravity|''g''<sub>0</sub>]]}} × 1&nbsp;lb × 1&nbsp;ft
 
−
| = {{val|1.3558179483314004|u=N⋅m}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| poundal-ft || pdl⋅ft
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lb⋅ft<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|4.21401100938048|e=-2|u=N⋅m}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[inch-pound force|pound force-inch]] || lbf⋅in
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × 1&nbsp;lb × 1 in
 
−
| = {{val|0.1129848290276167|u=N⋅m}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kilogram-force|kilogram force-meter]] || kgf⋅m
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × N × m
 
−
| = {{val|9.80665|u=N⋅m}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[Newton metre]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || N⋅m
 
−
| ≡ N × m<!-- ≠ J --> = kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|1|u=N⋅m}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Energy===<!--work, heat, etc. not torque -->
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Energy]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!width="150pt"|Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[barrel of oil equivalent]] || boe
 
−
| ≈ {{val|5.8|e=6|u=BTU<sub>59&nbsp;°F</sub>}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|6.12|e=9|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[British thermal unit]] (ISO) || BTU<sub>ISO</sub>
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1.0545|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
| = {{val|1.0545|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| British thermal unit (International Table) || BTU<sub>IT</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| = {{val|1.05505585262|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| British thermal unit (mean) || BTU<sub>mean</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.05587|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| British thermal unit (thermochemical) || BTU<sub>th</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.054350|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| British thermal unit (39&nbsp;°F) || BTU<sub>39&nbsp;°F</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.05967|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| British thermal unit (59&nbsp;°F) || BTU<sub>59&nbsp;°F</sub>
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1.054804|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
| = {{val|1.054804|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| British thermal unit (60&nbsp;°F) || BTU<sub>60&nbsp;°F</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.05468|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| British thermal unit (63&nbsp;°F) || BTU<sub>63&nbsp;°F</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.0546|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[calorie]] (International Table) || cal<sub>IT</sub>
 
−
| ≡ {{val|4.1868|u=J}}
 
−
| = {{val|4.1868|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| calorie (mean) || cal<sub>mean</sub>
 
−
| {{frac|100}} of the energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 0&nbsp;°C to 100&nbsp;°C at a pressure of 1&nbsp;atm
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.19002|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| calorie (thermochemical) || cal<sub>th</sub>
 
−
| ≡ 4.184 J
 
−
| = {{val|4.184|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| Calorie (US; [[FDA]])
 
−
| Cal
 
−
| ≡ 1 kcal = {{val|1000|u=cal}}
 
−
| = {{val|4184|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| calorie (3.98&nbsp;°C) || cal<sub>3.98&nbsp;°C</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.2045|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| calorie (15&nbsp;°C) || cal<sub>15&nbsp;°C</sub>
 
−
| ≡ 4.1855 J
 
−
| = {{val|4.1855|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| calorie (20&nbsp;°C) || cal<sub>20&nbsp;°C</sub>
 
−
|
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.1819|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Celsius]] heat unit (International Table) || CHU<sub>IT</sub>
 
−
| ≡ 1 BTU<sub>IT</sub> × 1 K/°R
 
−
| = {{val|1.899100534716|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic centimetre of [[atmosphere (unit)|atmosphere]]; standard cubic centimetre || cc atm; scc
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|0.101325|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic [[foot (unit)|foot]] of atmosphere; standard cubic foot || cu ft atm; scf
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1&nbsp;ft<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|2.8692044809344|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic foot of natural gas || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=BTU<sub>IT</sub>}}
 
−
| = {{val|1.05505585262|e=6|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| cubic [[yard]] of atmosphere; standard cubic yard || cu yd atm; scy
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 yd<sup>3</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|77.4685209852288|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[electron volt|electronvolt]] || eV
 
−
| ≡ [[elementary charge|''e'']] × 1 V
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1.602176634||e=-19|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[erg]] ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || erg
 
−
| ≡ 1 g⋅cm<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 10<sup>−7</sup> J
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot-pound force]] || ft lbf
 
−
| ≡ {{math|[[standard gravity|''g''<sub>0</sub>]]}} × 1&nbsp;lb × 1&nbsp;ft
 
−
| = {{val|1.3558179483314004|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| foot-poundal || ft pdl
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lb⋅ft<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|4.21401100938048|e=-2|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[gallon]]-atmosphere (imperial) || imp gal atm
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (imp)
 
−
| = {{val|460.63256925|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| gallon-atmosphere (US) || US gal atm
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (US)
 
−
| = {{val|383.5568490138|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[hartree]], [[atomic units|atomic unit of energy]] || E<sub>h</sub>
 
−
| ≡ m<sub>e</sub>⋅[[fine-structure constant|''α'']]<sup>2</sup>⋅[[speed of light|''c'']]<sup>2</sup> (= 2 Ry)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.359744|e=-18|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[horsepower-hour]] || hp⋅h
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;hp × 1 h
 
−
| = {{val|2.684519537696172792|e=6|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[inch-pound force]] || in lbf
 
−
| ≡ {{math|''g''<sub>0</sub>}} × 1&nbsp;lb × 1 in
 
−
| = {{val|0.1129848290276167|u=J}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[joule]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || J
 
−
| The work done when a force of one newton moves the point of its application a distance of one metre in the direction of the force.<ref name="cipm1946"/>
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;J = 1&nbsp;m⋅N = 1&nbsp;kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup> = 1&nbsp;C⋅V = 1&nbsp;W⋅s
 
−
|-
 
−
| kilocalorie; large [[calorie]] || kcal; Cal
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=cal<sub>IT</sub>}}
 
−
| = {{val|4.1868|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kilowatt-hour]]; Board of Trade Unit || kW⋅h; B.O.T.U.
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;kW × 1&nbsp;h
 
−
| = {{val|3.6|e=6|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[litre]]-[[atmosphere (unit)|atmosphere]] || l atm; sl
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 L
 
−
| = {{val|101.325|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[quad (energy)|quad]] || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>15</sup> BTU<sub>IT</sub>
 
−
| = {{val|1.05505585262|e=18|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Rydberg constant|rydberg]] || Ry
 
−
| ≡ ''[[Rydberg constant|R]]''[[Rydberg constant|<sub>∞</sub>]]⋅[[Planck constant|ℎ]]⋅[[speed of light|''c'']]
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.179872|e=-18|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[therm]] (E.C.) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|100000|u=BTU<sub>IT</sub>}}
 
−
| = {{val|105.505585262|e=6|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[therm]] (US) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|100000|u=BTU<sub>59&nbsp;°F</sub>}}
 
−
| = {{val|105.4804|e=6|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| thermie || th
 
−
| ≡ 1 Mcal<sub>IT</sub>
 
−
| = {{val|4.1868|e=6|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[tonne of coal equivalent]] || TCE
 
−
| ≡ 7 Gcal<sub>th</sub>
 
−
| = {{val|29.288|e=9|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[tonne of oil equivalent]] || toe
 
−
| ≡ 10 Gcal<sub>IT</sub>
 
−
| = {{val|41.868|e=9|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ton]] of [[trinitrotoluene|TNT]] || tTNT
 
−
| ≡ 1 Gcal<sub>th</sub>
 
−
| = {{val|4.184|e=9|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[watt hour]] || W⋅h
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;W × 1&nbsp;h
 
−
| = {{val|3.6|e=3|u=J}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[watt second]] || W⋅s
 
−
| ≡ 1 J
 
−
| = {{val|1|e=0|u=J}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Power or heat flow rate===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Power (physics)|Power]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!width="150pt"|Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[atmosphere (unit)|atmosphere]]-cubic centimetre per [[minute]] || atm ccm{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>/min
 
−
| = {{val|1.68875|e=-3|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| atmosphere-cubic centimetre per [[second]] || atm ccs{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>/s
 
−
| = {{val|0.101325|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| atmosphere-cubic [[foot (unit)|foot]] per [[hour]] || atm cfh{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/h
 
−
| = {{val|0.79700124704|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| atmosphere-cubic foot per minute || atm cfm{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/min
 
−
| = {{val|47.82007468224|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| atmosphere-cubic foot per second || atm cfs{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/s
 
−
| = {{val|2.8692044809344|e=3|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[BTU]] (International Table) per hour || BTU<sub>IT</sub>/h
 
−
| ≡ 1 BTU<sub>IT</sub>/h
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.293071|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| BTU (International Table) per minute || BTU<sub>IT</sub>/min
 
−
| ≡ 1 BTU<sub>IT</sub>/min
 
−
| ≈ {{val|17.584264|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| BTU (International Table) per second || BTU<sub>IT</sub>/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 BTU<sub>IT</sub>/s
 
−
| = {{val|1.05505585262|e=3|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[calorie]] (International Table) per second || cal<sub>IT</sub>/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 cal<sub>IT</sub>/s
 
−
| = {{val|4.1868|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| erg per second || erg/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 erg/s
 
−
| = {{val|e=-7|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| foot-[[pound-force]] per hour || ft⋅lbf/h
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft lbf/h
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.766161|e=-4|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| foot-pound-force per minute || ft⋅lbf/min
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft lbf/min
 
−
| = {{val|2.259696580552334|e=-2|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| foot-pound-force per second || ft⋅lbf/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft lbf/s
 
−
| = {{val|1.3558179483314004|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[horsepower]] (boiler) || hp<!-- bhp is brake horsepower! -->
 
−
| ≈ 34.5&nbsp;lb/h × 970.3 BTU<sub>IT</sub>/lb
 
−
| ≈ {{val|9809.5|u=W}}<ref name="nistguide"/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| horsepower (European electrical) || hp
 
−
| ≡ 75 kp⋅m/s
 
−
| = {{val|736|u=W}}{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| horsepower (electrical) || hp
 
−
| ≡ 746 W
 
−
| = {{val|746|u=W}}<ref name="nistguide"/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| horsepower (mechanical) || hp
 
−
| ≡ 550&nbsp;ft⋅lbf/s<ref name="nistguide"/>
 
−
| = {{val|745.69987158227022|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| horsepower (metric) || hp or PS
 
−
| ≡ 75 m⋅kgf/s
 
−
| = {{val|735.49875|u=W}}<ref name="nistguide"/>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[litre]]-atmosphere per minute || L·atm/min
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/min
 
−
| = {{val|1.68875|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| litre-atmosphere per second || L·atm/s
 
−
| ≡ 1 atm × 1 L/s
 
−
| = {{val|101.325|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| lusec || lusec
 
−
| ≡ 1 L·µmHg/s <ref name="howmany"/>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.333|e=-4|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[poncelet]] || p
 
−
| ≡ 100 m⋅kgf/s
 
−
| = {{val|980.665|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| square foot equivalent direct radiation || sq ft EDR
 
−
| ≡ 240 BTU<sub>IT</sub>/h
 
−
| ≈ {{val|70.337057|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ton]] of air conditioning || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2000|u=lb}} of ice melted / 24 h
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3504|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| ton of refrigeration (imperial) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2240|u=lb}} × ice<sub>IT</sub> / 24 h: ice<sub>IT</sub> = 144&nbsp;°F × 2326 J/kg⋅°F
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.938875|e=3|u=W}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ton of refrigeration]] (IT) || &nbsp;
 
−
| ≡ {{val|2000|u=lb}} × ice<sub>IT</sub> / 24 h: ice<sub>IT</sub> = 144&nbsp;°F × 2326 J/kg⋅°F
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.516853|e=3|u=W}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[watt]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || W
 
−
| The power which in one second of time gives rise to one joule of energy.<ref name="cipm1946"/>
 
−
| = {{val|1|u=W}} = 1&nbsp;J/s = 1&nbsp;N⋅m/s = 1&nbsp;kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Action===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Action
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Action (physics)|atomic unit of action]] || au
 
−
| ≡ [[Reduced Planck constant|ℏ]] ≡ {{frac|[[Planck constant|ℎ]]|2[[Pi|π]]}}
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.05457168|e=-34|u=J⋅s}}<ref>[http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter4/table7.html ''International System of Units,''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716204133/http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter4/table7.html |date=July 16, 2012 }} 8th ed. (2006), [[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures]], Section 4.1 Table 7.</ref>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Dynamic viscosity===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Dynamic [[viscosity]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[pascal second]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || Pa⋅s
 
−
| ≡ N⋅s/m<sup>2</sup>, kg/(m⋅s)
 
−
| = 1 Pa⋅s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Poise (unit)|poise]] ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || P
 
−
| ≡ 1 barye⋅s
 
−
| = 0.1 Pa⋅s
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound per foot hour || lb/(ft⋅h)
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lb/(ft⋅h)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|4.133789|e=-4|u=Pa⋅s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound per foot second || lb/(ft⋅s)
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lb/(ft⋅s)
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1.488164|u=Pa⋅s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound-force second per square foot || lbf⋅s/ft<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lbf⋅s/ft<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|47.88026|u=Pa⋅s}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| pound-force second per square inch || lbf⋅s/in<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;lbf⋅s/in<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|6894.757|u=Pa⋅s}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Kinematic viscosity===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Kinematic [[viscosity]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| square foot per second || ft<sup>2</sup>/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;ft<sup>2</sup>/s
 
−
| = {{val|0.09290304|u=m<sup>2</sup>/s}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| square metre per second (SI&nbsp;unit) || m<sup>2</sup>/s
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>/s
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[stokes (unit)|stokes]] ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || St
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;cm<sup>2</sup>/s
 
−
| = 10<sup>−4</sup>&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>/s
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Electric current===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Electric current]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!width="200pt"|Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[ampere]] ([[SI base unit]]) || A
 
−
| ≡ one coulomb of charge going past a given point per second.<ref name="SI_9_2019" />
 
−
| ([[SI base unit]])
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[electromagnetic unit]]; abampere ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || abamp
 
−
| ≘ 10 A
 
−
| = 10 A
 
−
|-
 
−
| esu per second; [[statampere]] ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || esu/s
 
−
| ≘ (10 A⋅cm/s) / [[speed of light|''c'']]
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.335641|e=-10|u=A}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Electric charge===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Electric charge]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[abcoulomb]]; electromagnetic unit ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || abC; emu
 
−
| ≘ 10 C
 
−
| = 10 C
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[atomic units|atomic unit of charge]] || au
 
−
| ≡ ''[[elementary charge|e]]''
 
−
| = {{val|1.602176634|e=-19|u=C}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[coulomb]] || C
 
−
| ≡ charge of exactly 1/({{val|1.602176634|e=-19}}) elementary charges<ref name="SI_9_2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9.pdf|publisher=[[BIPM]]|page=132|title=SI brochure (2019)|work=SI Brochure|access-date=May 23, 2019}}</ref>
 
−
| = 1 C = 1 A⋅s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[faraday constant|faraday]] || F
 
−
| ≡ 1&nbsp;mol × [[Avogadro's number|''N''<sub>A</sub>]]⋅[[elementary charge|''e'']]
 
−
| ≈ {{val|96485.3383|u=C}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[ampere hour|milliampere hour]] || mA⋅h
 
−
| ≡ 0.001 A × 1 h
 
−
| = 3.6 C
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[statcoulomb]]; [[franklin (unit)|franklin]]; electrostatic unit ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || statC; Fr; esu
 
−
| ≘ (10 A⋅cm) / [[speed of light|''c'']]
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.335641|e=-10|u=C}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Electric dipole===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Electric dipole]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| atomic unit of electric dipole moment || ''[[elementary charge|e]]''[[Bohr radius|''a''<sub>0</sub>]]
 
−
| &nbsp;
 
−
| ≈ {{val|8.47835281|e=-30|u=C⋅m}}<ref>{{citation | url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?auedm | year=2006 | title=The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty | access-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref>
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| coulomb-meter || C⋅m
 
−
| &nbsp;
 
−
| = 1 C⋅m
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[debye]] || D
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>−10</sup> esu⋅Å
 
−
| ≘ {{val|3.33564095|e=-30|u=C⋅m}}<ref>Robert G. Mortimer ''Physical chemistry'',Academic Press, 2000 {{ISBN|0-12-508345-9}}, page 677</ref>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Electromotive force, electric potential difference===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Voltage]], electromotive force
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[abvolt]] ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || abV
 
−
| ≘ 10<sup>−8</sup> V
 
−
| = 10<sup>−8</sup> V
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[statvolt]] ([[CGS&nbsp;unit]]) || statV
 
−
| ≘ [[speed of light|''c'']]⋅(1 μJ/A⋅m)
 
−
| = {{val|299.792458|u=V}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[volt]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || V
 
−
| The difference in electric potential across two points along a conducting wire carrying one ampere of constant current when the power dissipated between the points equals one watt.<ref name="cipm1946"/>
 
−
| = 1 V = 1 W/A {{nowrap|{{=}} 1 kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>/(A⋅s<sup>3</sup>)}} = 1 J/C
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Electrical resistance===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Electrical resistance]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[ohm (unit)|ohm]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || Ω
 
−
| The resistance between two points in a conductor when one volt of electric potential difference, applied to these points, produces one ampere of current in the conductor.<ref name="cipm1946"/>
 
−
| = 1 Ω = 1 V/A {{nowrap|{{=}} 1 kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>/(A<sup>2</sup>⋅s<sup>3</sup>)}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Capacitance===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Capacitor]]'s ability to store [[electric charge|charge]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
|[[farad]] (SI&nbsp;unit)
 
−
|F
 
−
|The capacitance between two parallel plates that results in one volt of potential difference when charged by one coulomb of electricity.<ref name="cipm1946"/>
 
−
| = 1 F = 1 C/V {{nowrap|{{=}} 1 A<sup>2</sup>⋅s<sup>4</sup>/(kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>)}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Magnetic flux===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Magnetic flux]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[maxwell (unit)|maxwell]] (CGS&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| Mx
 
−
| ≘ 10<sup>−8</sup> Wb<ref name=nistguide>{{citation | title=NIST Guide to SI Units, Appendix B.9 | url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB9.html | access-date=August 27, 2009}}</ref>
 
−
| = 10<sup>−8</sup> Wb
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[weber (unit)|weber]] (SI&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| Wb
 
−
| Magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second.<ref name="cipm1946"/>
 
−
| = 1 Wb = 1 V⋅s {{nowrap|{{=}} 1 kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>/(A⋅s<sup>2</sup>)}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Magnetic flux density===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ What physicists call [[magnetic field]] is called [[magnetic flux]] density by electrical engineers and magnetic induction by applied mathematicians and electrical engineers.
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[gauss (unit)|gauss]] (CGS&nbsp;unit) || G
 
−
| ≡ [[maxwell (unit)|Mx]]/cm<sup>2</sup> ≘ 10<sup>−4</sup> T
 
−
| = 10<sup>−4</sup> T <ref name="SI-10">''Standard for the Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System'' IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997. (1997). New York and West Conshohocken, PA: [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] and [[American Society for Testing and Materials]]. Tables A.1 through A.5.</ref>
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[tesla (unit)|tesla]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || T
 
−
| ≡ [[weber (unit)|Wb]]/[[square metre|m<sup>2</sup>]]
 
−
| = 1 T = 1 Wb/m<sup>2</sup> {{nowrap|{{=}} 1 kg/(A⋅s<sup>2</sup>)}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Inductance===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Inductance]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[henry (unit)|henry]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || H
 
−
| The inductance of a closed circuit that produces one volt of electromotive force when the current in the circuit varies at a uniform rate of one ampere per second.<ref name="cipm1946"/>
 
−
| = 1 H = 1 Wb/A {{nowrap|{{=}} 1 kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>/(A⋅s)<sup>2</sup>}}
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Temperature===
 
−
{{details|Conversion of units of temperature}}
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Temperature]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree [[Celsius]] || °C
 
−
| [°C] ≡ [K] − 273.15
 
−
| [K] ≡ [°C] + 273.15
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree [[Delisle scale|Delisle]] || °De
 
−
|
 
−
| [K] = 373.15 − [°De] × {{frac|2|3}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree [[Fahrenheit]] || °F
 
−
| [°F] ≡ [°C] × {{frac|9|5}} + 32
 
−
| [K] ≡ ([°F] + 459.67) × {{frac|5|9}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree [[Newton scale|Newton]] || °N
 
−
|
 
−
| [K] = [°N] × {{frac|100|33}} + 273.15
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree [[Rankine scale|Rankine]] || °R;
 
−
| [°R] ≡ [K] × {{frac|9|5}}
 
−
| [K] ≡ [°R] × 5/9
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree [[Réaumur scale|Réaumur]] || °Ré
 
−
|
 
−
| [K] = [°Ré] × {{frac|5|4}} + 273.15
 
−
|-
 
−
| degree [[Rømer scale|Rømer]] || °Rø
 
−
|
 
−
| [K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × {{frac|40|21}} + 273.15
 
−
|-
 
−
| Regulo [[Gas Mark]] || GM
 
−
| [°F] ≡ [GM] × 25 + 300
 
−
| [K] ≡ [GM] × {{frac|125|9}} + 422.038
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[kelvin]] (SI base unit) || K
 
−
| ≡ change in the [[thermodynamic temperature]] {{Mvar|T}} that results in a change of [[thermal energy]] {{Mvar|kT}} by 1.380 649 × 10<sup>−23</sup> J.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/si-mep/SI-App2-kelvin.pdf|title=Mise en pratique|website=BIPM}}</ref>
 
−
| ([[SI base unit]])
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Information entropy===
 
−
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Information entropy]]
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
!Relation to bits
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[nat (unit)|natural unit of information]]; nit; nepit || nat
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[shannon (unit)|shannon]] || Sh
 
−
| ≡ ln(2) × [[nat (unit)|nat]]
 
−
| ≈ {{val|0.693147|u=[[nat (unit)|nat]]}}
 
−
| = 1 bit
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[hartley (unit)|hartley]]; ban || Hart; ban
 
−
| ≡ ln(10) × nat
 
−
| ≈ {{val|2.302585|u=[[nat (unit)|nat]]}}
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[bit]] || bit; b
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| = 1 bit
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[nibble]] ||
 
−
| ≡ 4 bits
 
−
|
 
−
| = 2<sup>2</sup> bit
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[byte]] || B
 
−
| ≡ 8 bits
 
−
|
 
−
| = 2<sup>3</sup> bit
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kilobyte]] (decimal) || kB
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1000|u=B}}
 
−
|
 
−
| = {{val|8000}} bit
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[kibibyte]] ([[kilobyte]]) || KiB; KB
 
−
| ≡ {{val|1024|u=B}}
 
−
|
 
−
| = 2<sup>13</sup> bit = {{val|8192}} bit
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
Modern standards (such as [[ISO 80000]]) prefer the [[shannon (unit)|shannon]] to the bit as a unit for a quantity of information entropy, whereas the (discrete) storage space of digital devices is measured in bits. Thus, uncompressed redundant data occupy more than one bit of storage per shannon of information entropy. The multiples of a bit listed above are usually used with this meaning.
 
−
 
−
===Luminous intensity===
 
−
The candela is the preferred nomenclature for the SI unit.
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Luminous intensity]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[candela]] (SI base unit)
 
−
| cd
 
−
| The luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540{{e|12}} hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.<ref name="SI_9_2019" />
 
−
| ([[SI base unit]])
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[candlepower]] (new)
 
−
| cp
 
−
| ≡ cd The use of ''candlepower'' as a unit is discouraged due to its ambiguity.
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;cd
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[candlepower]] (old, pre-1948)
 
−
| cp
 
−
| Varies and is poorly reproducible.<ref>{{citation | title=The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty | url=http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/candela.html | access-date=August 28, 2009}}</ref> Approximately 0.981&nbsp;cd.<ref name="howmany"/>
 
−
| ≈ 0.981&nbsp;cd
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Luminance===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Luminance]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| candela per square foot
 
−
| cd/ft<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ cd/ft<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|10.763910417|u=cd/m<sup>2</sup>}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| candela per square inch
 
−
| cd/in<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ cd/in<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1550.0031|u=cd/m<sup>2</sup>}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[candela per square metre]] (SI&nbsp;unit); nit (deprecated<ref name="howmany"/>)
 
−
| cd/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ cd/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;cd/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[foot-lambert|footlambert]]
 
−
| fL
 
−
| ≡ (1/π) cd/ft<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3.4262590996|u=cd/m<sup>2</sup>}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[lambert (unit)|lambert]]
 
−
| L
 
−
| ≡ (10<sup>4</sup>/π) cd/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|3183.0988618|u=cd/m<sup>2</sup>}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[stilb (luminance)|stilb]] (CGS&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| sb
 
−
| ≡ 10<sup>4</sup>&nbsp;cd/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 10<sup>4</sup>&nbsp;cd/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Luminous flux===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Luminous flux]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[lumen (unit)|lumen]] (SI&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| lm
 
−
| The luminous flux of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540{{e|12}} hertz and that has a radiant flux of 1/683 watt.<ref name="SI_9_2019" /><!-- since 2019 no longer derived from base unit candela but directly from K_cd -->
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;lm = 1&nbsp;cd⋅sr
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Illuminance===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Illuminance]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Foot-candle|footcandle]]; lumen per square foot
 
−
| fc
 
−
| ≡ lm/ft<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = {{val|10.763910417|u=lx}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| lumen per square inch
 
−
| lm/in<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≡ lm/in<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| ≈ {{val|1550.0031|u=lx}}
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[lux]] (SI&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| lx
 
−
| ≡ lm/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 1&nbsp;lx = 1&nbsp;lm/m<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[phot]] (CGS&nbsp;unit)
 
−
| ph
 
−
| ≡ lm/cm<sup>2</sup>
 
−
| = 10<sup>4</sup> lx
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Radiation – source activity===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ [[Radioactivity]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[becquerel]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || Bq
 
−
| ≡ Number of disintegrations per second
 
−
| = 1 Bq = 1/s
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Curie (unit)|curie]] || Ci
 
−
| ≡ {{val|3.7|e=10|u=Bq}}<ref name="SP811-2008">Ambler Thompson & Barry N. Taylor. (2008). [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)''.] Special Publication 811. Gaithersburg, MD: [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]. p. 10.</ref>
 
−
| = {{val|3.7|e=10|u=Bq}}
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[rutherford (unit)|rutherford]] (H) || Rd
 
−
| ≡ 1 MBq
 
−
| = 10<sup>6</sup> Bq
 
−
|}
 
−
Although becquerel (Bq) and hertz (Hz) both ultimately refer to the same SI base unit (s<sup>−1</sup>), Hz is used only for periodic phenomena (i.e. repetitions at regular intervals), and Bq is only used for stochastic processes (i.e. at random intervals) associated with radioactivity.<ref name=sibrochure222>{{citation|url=http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-2/table3.html |title=The International System of Units, Section 2.2.2., Table 3 |edition=8 |publisher=[[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures]] |year=2006 |access-date=August 27, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618123613/http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-2/table3.html |archive-date=June 18, 2007 }}</ref>
 
−
 
−
===Radiation – exposure===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Radiation – exposure
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Roentgen (unit)|roentgen]] || R
 
−
| 1 R ≡ {{val|2.58|e=-4|u=C/kg}}<ref name="nistguide"/>
 
−
| = {{val|2.58|e=-4|u=C/kg}}
 
−
|}
 
−
The roentgen is not an SI unit and the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]] strongly discourages its continued use.<ref>{{citation | url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 | title=The NIST Guide to the SI (Special Publication 811), section 5.2 | year=2008 | access-date=August 27, 2009}}</ref>
 
−
 
−
===Radiation – absorbed dose===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Radiation – [[absorbed dose]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[gray (unit)|gray]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || Gy
 
−
| ≡ 1 J/kg<ref>Ambler Thompson & Barry N. Taylor. (2008). [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)''.] Special Publication 811. Gaithersburg, MD: [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]. p. 5.</ref>
 
−
| = 1 Gy = 1 J/kg = 1 m<sup>2</sup>⋅s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[rad (unit)|rad]] || rad
 
−
| ≡ 0.01 Gy<ref name="nistguide"/>
 
−
| = 0.01 Gy
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Radiation – equivalent dose===
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+ Radiation – [[equivalent dose]]
 
−
|-
 
−
!Name of unit
 
−
!Symbol
 
−
!Definition
 
−
!Relation to SI units
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Röntgen equivalent man]] || rem
 
−
| ≡ 0.01 Sv
 
−
| = 0.01 Sv
 
−
|- style="background:#dfd;"
 
−
| [[sievert]] (SI&nbsp;unit) || Sv
 
−
| ≡ 1 J/kg<ref name="sibrochure222"/>
 
−
| = 1 Sv = 1 J/kg = 1 m<sup>2</sup>⋅s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|}
 
−
Although the definitions for sievert (Sv) and gray (Gy) would seem to indicate that they measure the same quantities, this is not the case. The effect of receiving a certain dose of radiation (given as Gy) is variable and depends on many factors, thus a new unit was needed to denote the biological effectiveness of that dose on the body; this is known as the equivalent dose and is shown in Sv. The general relationship between absorbed dose and equivalent dose can be represented as
 
−
:''H'' = ''Q'' ⋅ ''D''
 
−
where ''H'' is the equivalent dose, ''D'' is the absorbed dose, and ''Q'' is a dimensionless quality factor. Thus, for any quantity of ''D'' measured in Gy, the numerical value for ''H'' measured in Sv may be different.
 
  
 
== Licensing ==  
 
== Licensing ==  
 
Content obtained and/or adapted from:
 
Content obtained and/or adapted from:
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_units Conversion of units, Wikipedia] under a CC BY-SA license
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_units Conversion of units, Wikipedia] under a CC BY-SA license

Latest revision as of 00:53, 17 December 2021

Conversion of units is the conversion between different units of measurement for the same quantity, typically through multiplicative conversion factors.

Techniques

Process overview

The process of conversion depends on the specific situation and the intended purpose. This may be governed by regulation, contract, technical specifications or other published standards. Engineering judgment may include such factors as:

  • The precision and accuracy of measurement and the associated uncertainty of measurement.
  • The statistical confidence interval or tolerance interval of the initial measurement.
  • The number of significant figures of the measurement.
  • The intended use of the measurement including the engineering tolerances.
  • Historical definitions of the units and their derivatives used in old measurements; e.g., international foot vs. US survey foot.

Some conversions from one system of units to another need to be exact, without increasing or decreasing the precision of the first measurement. This is sometimes called soft conversion. It does not involve changing the physical configuration of the item being measured.

By contrast, a hard conversion or an adaptive conversion may not be exactly equivalent. It changes the measurement to convenient and workable numbers and units in the new system. It sometimes involves a slightly different configuration, or size substitution, of the item. Nominal values are sometimes allowed and used.

Conversion factors

A conversion factor is used to change the units of a measured quantity without changing its value. The unity bracket method of unit conversion consists of a fraction in which the denominator is equal to the numerator, but they are in different units. Because of the identity property of multiplication, the value of a quantity will not change as long as it is multiplied by one. Also, if the numerator and denominator of a fraction are equal to each other, then the fraction is equal to one. So as long as the numerator and denominator of the fraction are equivalent, they will not affect the value of the measured quantity.

The following example demonstrates how the unity bracket method is used to convert the rate 5 kilometers per second to meters per second. The symbols km, m, and s represent kilometer, meter, and second, respectively.

Thus, it is found that 5 kilometers per second is equal to 5000 meters per second.

Software tools

There are many conversion tools. They are found in the function libraries of applications such as spreadsheets databases, in calculators, and in macro packages and plugins for many other applications such as the mathematical, scientific and technical applications.

There are many standalone applications that offer the thousands of the various units with conversions. For example, the free software movement offers a command line utility GNU units for Linux and Windows.

Calculation involving non-SI Units

In the cases where non-SI units are used, the numerical calculation of a formula can be done by first working out the pre-factor, and then plug in the numerical values of the given/known quantities.

For example, in the study of Bose–Einstein condensate, atomic mass m is usually given in daltons, instead of kilograms, and chemical potential μ is often given in Boltzmann constant times nanokelvin. The condensate's healing length is given by:

For a 23Na condensate with chemical potential of (Boltzmann constant times) 128 nK, the calculation of healing length (in micrometres) can be done in two steps:

Calculate the pre-factor

Assume that this gives

which is our pre-factor.

Calculate the numbers

Now, make use of the fact that . With , .

This method is especially useful for programming and/or making a worksheet, where input quantities are taking multiple different values; For example, with the pre-factor calculated above, it's very easy to see that the healing length of 174Yb with chemical potential 20.3 nK is .

Tables of conversion factors

This article gives lists of conversion factors for each of a number of physical quantities, which are listed in the index. For each physical quantity, a number of different units (some only of historical interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. Conversions between units in the metric system are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 milligram = 0.001 grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10−6 metre). Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically, and the SI units (base or derived) are highlighted.

Legend
Symbol Definition
≡ exactly equal
≈ approximately equal to
≘ (exactly) corresponds to (different types of quantity describing the same phenomenon)
indicates that digits repeat infinitely (e.g. corresponds to 8.294 369 369 369 369 ...)
(H) of chiefly historical interest

Length

Length
Name of unit Symbol Definition Relation to SI units
ångström Å ≡ 1 x 10-10 m ≡ 0.1 nm
astronomical unit au ≡ 149 597 870 700 m
≈ Distance from Earth to Sun 		≡ 149 597 870 700 m
attometre am ≡ 1 x 10-18 m ≡ 1 x 10-18 m
barleycorn (H)   = in (see note above about rounding) = m
bohr, atomic unit of length a0 = Bohr radius of hydrogen (17) x 10-11 m
cable length (imperial)   ≡ 608 ft ≈ 185.3184 m
cable length (International)   ≡ nmi ≡ 185.2 m
cable length (US)   ≡ 720 ft = 219.456 m
chain (Gunter's; Surveyor's) ch ≡ 66 ft (US) ≡ 4 rods ≈ 20.116 84 m
cubit (H)   ≡ Distance from fingers to elbow ≈ 18 in ≈ 0.5 m
ell (H) ell ≡ 45 in (In England usually) = 1.143 m
fathom ftm ≡ 6 ft = 1.8288 m
femtometre fm ≡ 1 x 10-15 m ≡ 1 x 10-15 m
fermi fm ≡ 1 x 10-15 m ≡ 1 x 10-15 m
finger   ≡ in = 0.022 225 m
finger (cloth)   ≡ in = 0.1143 m
foot (Benoît) (H) ft (Ben) ≈ 0.304 799 735 m
foot (Cape) (H)   Legally defined as 1.033 English feet in 1859 ≈ 0.314 858 m
foot (Clarke's) (H) ft (Cla) ≈ 0.304 797 2654 m
foot (Indian) (H) ft Ind ≈ 0.304 799 514 m
foot, metric mf ≡ 300 mm ≡ 0.3 m
foot, metric (Mesures usuelles) (H) ≡ m ≡ m
foot (International) ft ≡ 0.3048 m ≡ yd ≡ 12 inches ≡ 0.3048 m
foot (Sear's) (H) ft (Sear) ≈ 0.304 799 47 m
foot (US Survey) ft (US) ≡ m ≈ 0.304 800 610 m
french; charriere F ≡ mm = x 10-3 m
furlong fur ≡ 10 chains = 660 ft = 220 yd = 201.168 m
hand   ≡ 4 in ≡ 0.1016 m
inch (International) in ≡ 2.54 cm ≡ yd ≡  ft ≡ 0.0254 m
league (land) lea ≈ 1 hour walk, Currently defined in US as 3 Statute miles, but historically varied from 2 to 9 km ≈ 4828 m
light-day   ≡ 24 light-hours ≡ 2.590 206 837 12 × 1013 m
light-hour   ≡ 60 light-minutes ≡ 1.079 252 8488 × 1012 m
light-minute   ≡ 60 light-seconds ≡ 1.798 754 748 × 1010 m
light-second   ≡ Distance light travels in one second in vacuum ≡ 299 792 458 m
light-year ly ≡ Distance light travels in vacuum in 365.25 days ≡ 9.460 730 472 5808 × 1015 m
line ln ≡ in = 0.002 11 m
link (Gunter's; Surveyor's) lnk ≡ ch ≡ 0.66 ft (US) ≡ 7.92 in ≈ 0.201 168 4 m
link (Ramsden's; Engineer's) lnk ≡ 1 ft = 0.3048 m
metre (SI base unit)
(meter)		 m ≡ Distance light travels in of a second in vacuum. (SI base unit)
mickey   ≡ in = 1.27 x 10-4 m
micrometre (old: micron) μ; μm ≡ 1 x 10-6 m ≡ 1 x 10-6 m
mil; thou mil ≡ 1 x 10-3 in = 2.54 x 10-5 m
mil (Sweden and Norway) mil ≡ 10 km = 10 000 m
mile (geographical) (H) ≡ 6082 ft = 1 853.7936 m
mile (international) mi ≡ 80 chains ≡ 5280 ft ≡ 1760 yd ≡ 1 609.344 m
mile (tactical or data) ≡ 6000 ft ≡ 1 828.8 m
mile (telegraph) (H) mi ≡ 6087 ft = 1 855.3176 m
mile (US Survey) mi ≡ 5280 US Survey feet ≡ (5280 × ) m ≈ 1 609.347 219 m
nail (cloth)   ≡ in = 0.057 15 m
nanometre nm ≡ 1 x 10-9 m ≡ 1 x 10-3 m
nautical league NL; nl ≡ 3 nmi = 5556 m
nautical mile (Admiralty) NM (Adm); nmi (Adm) = 6080 ft = 1 853.184 m
nautical mile (international) NM; nmi ≡ 1852 m ≡ 1852 m
nautical mile (US pre 1954) ≡ 1853.248 m ≡ 1853.248 m
pace   ≡ 2.5 ft = 0.762 m
palm   ≡ 3 in = 0.0762 m
parsec pc Distant point with a parallax shift of one arc second from a base of one astronomical unit.
≡ au 		≈ 30 856 775 814 913 700 m
pica   ≡ 12 points Dependent on point measures.
picometre pm ≡ 1 x 10-12 m ≡ 1 x 10-12 m
point (American, English) pt ≡ in ≈ 0.000 351 450 m
point (Didot; European) pt ≡ of pied du roi;

After 1878:
≡  cm 		≈ 0.000 375 97 m;

After 1878:
≈ 0.000 375 939 85 m
point (PostScript) pt ≡ in = m
point (TeX) pt ≡ in = m
quarter   ≡ yd = 0.2286 m
rod; pole; perch (H) rd ≡ ft = 5.0292 m
rope (H) rope ≡ 20 ft = 6.096 m
shaku (Japan) ≡ 10/33 m ≈ 0.303 0303 m
span (H)   ≡ 9 in = 0.2286 m
spat ≡ 1 x 1012 m
stick (H)   ≡ 2 in = 0.0508 m
toise (French, post 1667) (H) T ≡ 27000/13853 m ≈ 1.949 0363 m
twip twp ≡ in = x 10-5 m
x unit; siegbahn xu ≈ 1.0021 x 10-13 m
yard (International) yd ≡ 0.9144 m ≡ 3 ft ≡ 36 in ≡ 0.9144 m
yoctometre ym ≡ 1 x 10-24 m ≡ 1 x 10-24 m
zeptometre zm ≡ 1 x 10-21 m ≡ 1 x 10-21 m

Licensing

Content obtained and/or adapted from:

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