Line Integrals

In mathematics, a line integral is an integral where the function to be integrated is evaluated along a curve. The terms path integral, curve integral, and curvilinear integral are also used; contour integral is used as well, although that is typically reserved for line integrals in the complex plane.

The function to be integrated may be a scalar field or a vector field. The value of the line integral is the sum of values of the field at all points on the curve, weighted by some scalar function on the curve (commonly arc length or, for a vector field, the scalar product of the vector field with a differential vector in the curve). This weighting distinguishes the line integral from simpler integrals defined on intervals. Many simple formulae in physics, such as the definition of work as $W=\mathbf {F} \cdot \mathbf {s}$, have natural continuous analogues in terms of line integrals, in this case $\textstyle W=\int _{L}\mathbf {F} (\mathbf {s} )\cdot d\mathbf {s}$, which computes the work done on an object moving through an electric or gravitational field F along a path $L$.

Resources

• Line Integrals, Mathematics LibreTexts
• Introduction to The Line Integral, Khan Academy