Difference between revisions of "MAT3223"

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(Fixing topics for first third of semester.)
(Done til week 8.)
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7
 
7
 
|| <!-- Sections -->
 
|| <!-- Sections -->
4.5,
+
5.2 & 5.3
 
||  <!-- Topics -->
 
||  <!-- Topics -->
* Arithmetic congruences and basic modular arithmetic.
+
Parametric curves. Line integrals.
* Tests of divisibility.
 
||  <!-- Prereqs -->
 
* Divisibility of integers.
 
* The Division Algorithm.
 
 
||  <!-- SLOs -->
 
||  <!-- SLOs -->
* Use arithmetic congruences to interpret the remainder of integer division.
+
<!-- * Compact subsets of the complex plane. -->
* Use congruences to compute remainders of divisions where the quotient is large or irrelevant.
+
<!-- * The Heine-Borel Theorem. -->
* Prove basic divisibility criteria by 2, 3, 5, 9 and 11 for number in base 10, using modular arithmetic.
+
* Parametric representation of piecewise smooth curves.
 +
* Arc-length. Rectifiable curves.
 +
* Line integrals: Definition, examples, and elementary properties.
 +
* Line integrals of holomorphic functions. Fundamental Theorem.
 
|-  <!-- START ROW -->
 
|-  <!-- START ROW -->
 
| <!-- Week# -->
 
| <!-- Week# -->
 
8
 
8
 
|| <!-- Sections -->
 
|| <!-- Sections -->
3.4
+
5.4 & 5.5
 
||  <!-- Topics -->
 
||  <!-- Topics -->
* Modular rings ℤₙ.
+
Estimation and convergence of line integrals.
* Modular fields ℤₚ.
 
* Fermat's Little Theorem.
 
||  <!-- Prereqs -->
 
* Primes.
 
* Arithmetic congruences and basic modular arithmetic.
 
 
||  <!-- SLOs -->
 
||  <!-- SLOs -->
* Recognize the modular rings ℤₙ as number systems.
+
* Majorization of path integrals by arclength and bound on magnitude of integrand.
* Evaluate sums, differences, negations and products in ℤₙ.
+
* Antiderivatives of complex functions with path-independent line integrals.
* Identify invertible and non-invertible elements of ℤₙ.
+
* Uniform and non-uniform convergence of sequences and series of complex functions.
* Find the inverse (when defined) of a given element of ℤₙ.
+
* Continuous uniform limits of continuous sequences and series, and their integrals.
* Prove that the modular ring ℤₚ is a field if and only if p is prime.
 
* Correctly state Fermat's Little Theorem, both as a theorem in modular arithmetic modulo a prime p, and as a theorem for the finite field ℤₚ.
 
* Apply Fermat's Little Theorem to solve arithmetic problems.
 
 
|-  <!-- START ROW -->
 
|-  <!-- START ROW -->
 
| <!-- Week# -->
 
| <!-- Week# -->

Revision as of 12:26, 23 March 2023

Course Catalog

MAT 3223. Complex Variables. (3-0) 3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisites: MAT 2214 and MAT 3213. An introduction to complex variables, including elementary functions, line integrals, power series, residues and poles, and conformal mappings. Generally offered: Spring. Differential Tuition: $150.

Textbook: John M. Howie, “Complex Analysis”, Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series, Springer-Verlag London (2003). ISBN: 978-1-4471-0027-0. [1]

Week Sections Topics Student Learning Outcomes
1

2.1 & 2.2

Introduction to complex numbers, their operations and geometry.

  • Complex numbers and the complex plane.
  • Elementary operations on complex numbers (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, conjugation, modulus, argument).
  • Complex numbers in Cartesian and polar forms.
  • Complex operations: Elementary algebraic identities and inequalities.
  • Geometric meaning of complex arithmetic operations.
  • DeMoivre's Formula.

2

3.1, 3.2, 3.3

Topology of the complex plane. Continuous complex functions.

  • Essential analysis concepts: sequences, series, limits, convergence, completeness.
  • Basic topology of the complex plane: open, closed and punctured discs, open and closed sets, neighborhoods.
  • Continuous functions and operations on them.

3

4.1

Complex differentiation

  • Definition of complex derivative at a point.
  • Cauchy-Riemann equations.
  • Examples of differentiable and non-differentiable complex functions.
  • Holomorphic functions.

4

4.2

Power (Taylor) series of holomorphic functions.

  • Taylor coefficients and Taylor series of a holomorphic function.
  • Radius of convergence.
  • Differentiation of Taylor series.
  • Taylor series of rational functions.
  • The complex exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions and their Taylor series.

5

4.3, 4.5 & 4.5

Complex natural logarithms. Multivalued holomorphic functions. Singularities.

  • Definition of the multivalued complex natural logarithm, its principal branch, and other branches.
  • Derivatives of inverse functions. Derivative of the complex natural logarithm.
  • Complex powers via logarithms.
  • Definition of branch point and branches.
  • Functions holomorphic in punctured neighborhoods. Poles and other singularities.
  • Examples of branching and singularities (complex logarithms, inverse trigonometric/hyperbolic functions, and complex powers).

6

None

Review. First midterm exam.

7

5.2 & 5.3

Parametric curves. Line integrals.

  • Parametric representation of piecewise smooth curves.
  • Arc-length. Rectifiable curves.
  • Line integrals: Definition, examples, and elementary properties.
  • Line integrals of holomorphic functions. Fundamental Theorem.

8

5.4 & 5.5

Estimation and convergence of line integrals.

  • Majorization of path integrals by arclength and bound on magnitude of integrand.
  • Antiderivatives of complex functions with path-independent line integrals.
  • Uniform and non-uniform convergence of sequences and series of complex functions.
  • Continuous uniform limits of continuous sequences and series, and their integrals.

9

4.1

  • Mathematical Induction.
  • Inductive proofs.
  • Basic proofs.
  • Tautologies and Deductions.
  • Quantifiers.
  • Divisibility of integers.
  • State the Principle of Mathematical Induction (PMI).
  • Prove elementary algebraic and arithmetic statements by induction.
  • Prove elementary algebraic and arithmetic statements by strong induction.

10

4.2 & 4.3

  • Recursion.
  • The Binomial Theorem (Binomial Expansion Formula).
  • Mathematical Induction.
  • Inductive proofs.
  • Factorials.
  • Recognize recursive definitions of sequences and sets.
  • Prove elementary properties of recursively defined sets and sequences (Fibonacci and geometric sequences).
  • Recursively construct successive rows of Pascal's triangle.
  • Identify the entries in Pascal's Triangle as Binomial Coefficients.
  • State and apply the Binomial Expansion Formula.
  • Compute individual binomial coefficients using the quotient-of-falling powers formula (n𝑪k) = n(n−1)…(n−k+1)/k!

11

5.1 & 5.2

  • The rational number system 𝐐.
  • The real number system 𝐑.
  • Fractional powers and roots of real numbers.
  • Rational and irrational numbers. Existence of irrationals.
  • Divisibility of integers.
  • Unique factorization and the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.
  • Decimals and decimal expansions.
  • Roots and fractional powers of real numbers.
  • Identify the set 𝐐 of rational numbers as a number system (a field).
  • Identify the set 𝐑 of real numbers as a number system (a field extending 𝐐).
  • Prove the irrationality of √2 and, more generally, of √p for p prime.
  • Prove that fractional powers xm/n of real x>0 are well defined and unique.
  • Informally interpret the convergence of decimal expansions as the completeness of 𝐑.
  • Informally recognize that the universal existence of roots ⁿ√x and fractional powers xm/n of real numbers x>0 relies on the completeness of 𝐑.

12

8.1–8.4

  • Introduction to complex numbers and their operations.
  • The complex number system 𝐂.
  • The complex plane.
  • The real number system 𝐑.
  • Fractional powers and roots of real numbers.
  • Represent complex numbers algebraically in Cartesian form.
  • Represent complex numbers geometrically as points on a plane.
  • Carry out arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
  • Interpret the geometric meaning of addition, subtraction and complex conjugation.
  • Identify the set 𝐂 of complex numbers as a field extending the real number system 𝐑.

13

8.5–8.7

  • Polar form of complex numbers.
  • Geometric meaning of complex multiplication and division.
  • Powers and roots of complex numbers. De Moivre’s Theorem.
  • The complex number system 𝐂.
  • The complex plane.
  • Roots and fractional powers of real numbers.
  • Represent complex numbers in polar form.
  • Algebraically relate the Cartesian and polar forms of a complex number.
  • Use the identities cis(𝜃+ɸ) = cis𝜃∙cisɸ and (cis𝜃)n = cis(n𝜃) (De Moivre's formula) for the complex trigonometric function cis𝜃 = cos𝜃 + i∙sin𝜃 to evaluate products and powers both algebraically and geometrically.
  • Evaluate all n-th roots of a given complex number both in trigonometric and (when possible) in algebraic closed form, and represent them geometrically.

14

8.8–9.2

  • Roots and factors of polynomials. The Remainder Theorem.
  • Real and complex roots.
  • The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
  • The complex number system 𝐂.
  • Powers and roots of complex numbers. De Moivre’s Theorem.
  • Polynomials: arithmetic operations, long division, and factorizations.
  • State and prove the Remainder Theorem.
  • Identify roots with linear factors of a polynomial.
  • Factor given simple polynomials into irreducible factors over ℚ, ℝ and ℂ.
  • State the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
  • Use the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to prove that irreducible real polynomials are linear or quadratic.